英美文学课件4.ppt

Daniel Defoe: 1660-1731 Son of James and Mary Foe, a merchant family committed to Puritanism (Presbyterians) Sound education at Morton’s Academy. Only Anglicans could graduate from Oxford or Cambridge. 1684: Marries Mary Tuffley, an heiress with 3,700 a year. Fought briefly in the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion against James II. Bankruptcy and debt turned him towards writing. 1701: writes “The True Born Englishman” 1703: Pilloried for writing “The Shortest Way with Dissenters.” Samuel Johnson (1709—84) lexicographer, critic and poet, was born in Lichfield, Stafforshire, the son of a poor bookseller. After studying at Oxford for little more than a year, he was forced to leave the university by poverty. Then followed his long struggle as a hack writer. In 1741, some booksellers asked Johnson to compile a dictionary or the English language. It took him eight years to finish this enormous work, and in 1755 his “Dictionary” was published. Johnson thought that “all was false and hollow” despised the honeyed words, and wrote a letter to Lord Chestfield, saying “ when I had once addressed your lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art or pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess.” Letter to Lord Chestfield 嵇康（223-263年）：字叔夜，谯郡銍县（今安徽宿县）人。“竹林七贤”的领袖人物。三国时魏末著名的思想家，诗人与音乐家，是当时玄学家的代表人物之一，为人耿直，他幼年丧父，励志勤学。后娶曹操曾孙女（曹林之女）为妻，在曹氏当权的时候，做过中散大夫的官职。 康白：足下昔称吾于颍川，吾尝谓之知音。然经怪此，意尚未熟悉于足下，何从便得之 也？前年从河东还，显宗、阿都说足下议以吾自代；事虽不行，知足下故不知之。足下傍 通，多可而少怪，吾直性狭中，多所不堪，偶与足下相知耳。间闻足下迁，惕然不喜；恐足下羞庖人之独割，引尸祝以自助，手荐鸾刀，漫之膻腥。故具为足下陈其可否。 与山巨源绝交书 致橡树 我如果爱你——/绝不学攀援的凌霄花，/借你的高枝炫耀自己；我如果爱你——/绝不学痴情的鸟儿，/为绿荫重复单纯的歌曲；也不止像泉源/常年送来清凉的慰籍；/也不止像险峰，增加你的高度，/衬托你的威仪。/甚至日光/甚至春雨不，这些都还不够/我必须是你近旁的一株木棉，作为树的形像和你站在一起。/根，紧握在地下；叶，相触在云里。/每一阵风吹过，我们都互相致意，但没有人/听懂我们的言语/你有你的铜枝铁干，像刀像剑也像戟；/我有我红硕的花朵，/像沉重的叹息，又像英勇的火炬/我们分担寒潮风雷霹雳；我们共享雾霭流岚虹霓；/仿佛永远分离，却又终身相依这才是伟大的爱情，/坚贞就在这里/爱/不仅爱你伟岸的身躯，也爱你坚持的位置，/足下的土地。 Photo by kevin Tang The Age of Romanticism1750-1850 This cultural era is a continu