工业余热ORC发电系统应用研究-环境工程专业论文.docx

摘要 针对我国经济环境发展的新要求以及传统能源日趋枯竭的现状，“开源节流” 早已经成为我国的一个重要课题。在可见的相当长的时期里，寻找“开源节流” 的方法都将是我国能源管理方面最主要的工作。 “开源”是指积极开发新能源，比如太阳能、风能、潮汐能、地热能等，使 其能够稳定、经济、无害地为我们的经济社会提供能源。 “节流”是指寻求节能技术，提高一次能源的利用率。目前，工业企业是能 源消费的大户，其能源消费量占全国能源消费总量的 70%左右，因此工业企业的 节能工作是“节流”过程中的重中之重。我国政府于 2007 年 10 月 28 日修订通 过了《中华人民共和国节约能源法》，第一项就是工业节能。 ORC 低温发电技术是基于有机朗肯循环（Organic Rankie Cycle）原理，以 工业低温余热为驱动热源，以高品位电能为产品的技术。本文所研究的 ORC 低 温余热发电技术是国家“973”项目研究课题，也是利用在工业节能领域的新理 论和新方法。其中，作为驱动热源的工业低温余热按载体形式不同，主要有液态、 可凝性气态、不可凝性气态、固态几种形式。本文根据实验结果同时结合理论知 识，拟对以液态、可凝性气态（蒸气）、不可凝性气态（烟气，热空气等）为载 体的低温余热发电技术进行研究。 研究内容主要包括适于 ORC 低温发电系统工质的选择，不同形式换热器的 选用，机组设计过程中需要注意的问题和试运行过程中需要遵循的操作步骤等进 行讨论。 关键词：有机朗肯循环；工业低温余热；ORC低温发电系统；节能 ABSTRACT Because of the new requirement of our economic and environmental development, the depletion of the traditional primary energy sources mainly built up by coal, oil, natural gas, “how to broaden sources of income and reduce expenditure” has already become one major issue. In a long enough period, seeking the way to broaden sources of income and reduce expenditure will be the most important work on energy management. “Broadening sources of income” means trying hard to discover new sources of energy to replace the traditional energy resources. The new sources of energy include solar energy, wind energy, tide energy, geothermal energy, etc. It also means finding reliable ways to make the new sources of energy offer us steady, clean and inexpensive energy. “Reducing expenditure” means seeking energy-saving technology to improve the utilization of the primary energy. For now, industrial enterprises count for the major part of energy consumption, which means about 70% of the energy consumption comes from them. Therefore, finding ways to save industrial energy consumption is definitely the most important one among others. Our government passed the revised “Energy Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China” in which the first item is about industrial energy conservation. The Low Temperature Generation System, whi