复杂工况下潮流能水平轴水轮机水动力性能研究及叶片优化-机械电子工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 复杂工况下潮流能水平轴水轮机 水动力性能研究及叶片优化 摘 要 海洋潮流能是可再生能源的一个重要门类，对解决我国的能源危机和环境问 题具有重要意义，因此潮流能开发技术的研究成为目前研究的热点。海洋环境复 杂多变，实际海洋环境中运行的水轮机的性能会受到各种因素的影响。为保证水 轮机能够安全稳定高效的运行，必须对大型潮流能水轮机在复杂海洋环境中的水 动力性能进行研究。借鉴于风力机技术的潮流能水轮机，实际运行中获能系数偏 低，叶片是水轮机组获能的主要部件，因此叶片结构的优化设计也就显得尤为重 要。 本文以 50kW 潮流能水平轴水轮机组发电装置的研制为研究背景，首先介绍 了水轮机叶片设计的基本理论，包括翼型理论、叶素—动量理论，应用 Wilson 设计方法对 50kW 潮流能水轮机进行叶片设计，建立叶片的三维模型。通过 CFD 方法，应用 Fluent 软件对各种复杂工况下水轮机的水动力性能进行分析，找到各 种复杂工况对水轮机性能的影响规律。 针对水轮机具体的运行环境，以提高水轮机获能为目标，应用遗传算法对叶 片外形进行优化设计。通过对比实际工况下水轮机的获能，得知优化的叶片获能 较原叶片有明显提高，基本满足设计要求，证明应用遗传算法进行叶片优化的可 行性。 应用有限元方法对优化的叶片进行有限元分析，通过对叶片进行静强度分 析、模态响应分析和疲劳寿命分析，得知优化的叶片满足使用要求，确保水轮机 组运行的稳定性。 关键词：水平轴潮流能水轮机；叶片设计；数值模拟；叶片优化；有限元分析 Study on the Performance of Horizontal Axis Marine Current Turbine under Complicated Conditions and Blade Optimization Abstract Tidal current energy is one of the richest marine energy in the world, which is benefit to the energy crisis and environmental problems. More and more attentions are being paid on how to extract energy from tidal current. However, the performance of horizontal axis marine current turbine can be affected by complicated marine environment. In order to verify the safety of the current turbine, the performance of horizontal axis marine current turbine under complicated conditions must be studied firstly. By using the method of wind turbines for reference, the power coefficient of current turbine is lower in actual operation. The blade is a key component of horizontal axis current turbine, thus the optimal design of blade is the primary task of the current turbine design. In developing 50kW horizontal axis turbine tidal turbine unit, the basic theories of blade design and parameters analysis are introduced, and the parameters of 50kW turbine blade are got by using Blade Element Momentum theory and Wilson mothod. Thus three-dimensional entities are obtained using 3D design software. The tidal current energy turbine characteristics are obtained using Computational Fluid Dynamics software Fluent. The ch