从《嘉莉妹妹》看美国自然主义文学的决定论主题-英语语言文学专业论文.docxVIP

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, at the completion of this thesis I want to thank Professor Jin Bing, my supervisor, who conscientiously instructed me and provided valuable suggestions for the writing of this thesis. She accompanied me in all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating help, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Her love and commitment to literary studies have motivated and inspired me along the way. Her constructive instructions not only help me clarify my arguments in writing this thesis but also sharpen my literary sense for academic studies. Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the professors and teachers at the School of International Studies: Professor Jiang Xianjing, Professor Shi Xiaoying, Professor Liu Jiong, Professor Hu Zhenming, Professor Xu Dejing, Professor Li Heqing and Professor Zheng Baiqing, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult courses of the thesis. Zhou Qihui April 2014 i 摘 要 德莱塞是十九世纪末二十世纪初美国著名的作家，通常被认为是自然主 义文学的杰出代表。自然主义文学的本质是决定论。这种源自于社会达尔文 主义的悲观决定论认为人完全受环境和遗传因素的控制，从而无法主宰自己 的命运，只能在社会的大丛林中任由命运摆布。 《嘉丽妹妹》是德莱塞的第一部小说，这部小说奠定了他在美国文坛的 地位。小说讲述了嘉莉从一个无知的乡村少女最后成长为一个知名演员的故 事。德莱塞在文学创作中汲取了自然主义的观点，在小说中彰显了遗传和环 境因素对主人公的影响；但是本文认为德莱塞在小说中也暗示了人依然有理 智以及自主选择的能力。人类的许多悲剧,归根结蒂是由人性固有的弱点造成 的,是人 性脆 弱的悲 剧 。对 于 他创 作中 的自 然主义 ,德莱 塞从不 掩 饰自己 的观 点。《嘉莉妹妹》中主人公的命运是环境，遗传，本能，机遇等诸多因素共 同作用的结果，但同时个人的自由意志在其中也发挥了作用。通过研究，本 文认为，在德莱塞的小说中自由意志与决定论是相容的。德莱塞在创作也发 扬了自然主义文学推崇的真实感，通过对 19 世纪末至 20 世纪初叶的美国社 会 真 实 描 绘 而 使 读 者 对 其 有 了 较 深 刻 而 全 面 的 了 解 ,加 深 了 我 们 对 资 本 主 义 社会的本质的认识,这也是德莱塞小说的进步意义所在。 关键词：德莱塞，自然主义，决定论，嘉莉妹妹 ABSTRACT Application and Transformation—On the Deterministic Theme