语言学-discourse-analysis.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * Ex: 1) Son: Can I watch TV, Dad? Father: Have you finished your homework? Son: No. Father: Then you can’t. In this example, the father delays his answer to his son’s question until he has checked if the necessary condition exists. 2) A: Could you lend me a few bucks? B: What for? A: I need to take a trip to San Francisco to see my girlfriend. B: How much do you want? A: Well … uh … 50 dollars is ok. B: When are you gonna return? A: Next Monday. B: All right. Wait for me. I’ll be right back. 7.5.2 Preference structure首选结构 An adjacency pair may have different second parts. For example, a question can be followed by a) a question, b) by a partial answer, c) by a statement of ignorance, d) by a denial of the relevance of the question or e) by a denial of its presupposition: (59) A: What does Joe do for a living? B: a. Do you need to know? b. Oh, this and that. c. I’ve no idea. d. What’s that got to do with it? e. He doesn’t. Preference structure divides second parts into preferred and dispreferred. The preferred is the structurally expected next act and the dispreferred is the structurally unexpected next act. The preferred second parts are more usual, more normal and less specific. (60) A: Have you got a light? B: Yes. (61) A: Have you got a light? B: No, sorry. I don’t smoke. B’s reply in (60) is preferred and dispreferred in (61): 7.5.3 Presequences 前序列 (63) Jeff: Mornin’, Stan! Stan: Hi. How’s it goin’? Jeff: Oh, can’t complain, I guess. Ready for the meeting this afternoon? Stan: Well, I don’t have much choice! Greetings exemplify opening sequences, utterances that ease people into a conversation. They convey the message “I want to talk to you”. The opening sequences that are used to set up some specific potential actions are called presequences. Greetings are usually reserved for acquaintanc