临床医学论文-探讨住院脑卒中康复患者跌倒危险因素及对策.docVIP

临床医学论文-探讨住院脑卒中康复患者跌倒危险因素及对策 【摘要】? 随着我国人口老龄化的增加，脑卒中的发病率有上升的趋势，并且正趋向年轻化。近年来，随着对脑卒中早期治疗技术水平的提高，特别是急性期的及时处理能力的提高，降低了死亡率。但与普通住院患者不同的是，大多数生存者仍会遗留不同程度肢体、语言和认知等方面的障碍，需要长期康复（rehabilitation）锻炼。在日常住院康复训练中，基于脑卒中康复患者疾病的特殊性，意外跌倒的几率也随之增加，同时患者的住院天数与住院费用同比增加。此外，意外跌倒事件给患者及家属带来了巨大的伤害和影响。部分患者和家属害怕患者再次跌倒而限制或减少有关活动，而活动能力的降低会进一步增加跌倒的风险。因此，对脑卒中康复的患者来说，如何有效地预防其跌倒的发生，不但对提高患者、家庭的生活质量有着重要的意义，对整个社会亦具有重要的贡献。 【关键词】? 脑血管意外；康复；跌倒 ??? ［Abstract］? Currently，along with the country population advanced age，the outbreak rate in the stroke has ascension of trend，and incline to turn young.In recent years，the technique level of treatment to the strokes earlier period has rapidly improved，especially to acute period handles，lowering mortality rate.But differeunt from common inpatient，most survivals still will leave behind different obstacle of the body，language and cognition etc，needing for a long period to recover.In the daily hospitalization training，according to the speciality of the stroke，the rates of accident fall also increases，in the meantime the sufferers hospitalization days and expenses have the same percentage of growth.In addition，the accident fell down affairs would bring the sufferer and the family members huge injury and influence.Parts of sufferers and family members are frightened the sufferer falls down but limits or reduces relevant activity again，but the activity ability decreased would increase the risk of fall.Therefore，to sufferer recovered from illness in the stroke，how to prevent it from fall availably of occurrence，have important meaning to raises the living quality of the sufferer and family not only，but also has important contribution to the whole society. ??? ［Key words］? stroke；rehabilitation；falls ??? 脑卒中又称脑血管意外，主要指脑动脉系统病变引起的血管痉挛、闭塞或破裂，造成急性发展的脑局部循环障碍和以偏瘫为主的肢体功能的障碍。脑卒中的类型包括脑出血、脑梗死、蛛网膜下腔出血等。目前，随着我国人口老龄化的增加，脑卒中的发病率有上升的趋势，并且正趋向年轻化。近几年统计，我国脑卒中的患者死亡率0.72%，年发病率为0.22%，高于西方国家，全国每年脑卒中发患者数逾150万人，致残率约86.5%。近年来，随着对脑卒中早期治疗技术水平的提高，特别是急性期的及时处理能力的提高，降低了死亡率。此外，康复医学的早期介入，使各种后遗症的恢复率和10年存活率均有明显的提高