微发泡过程装置设计及过程分析-device design and process analysis of micro foaming process.docx

i i 摘 要 聚合物微发泡注塑成型技术研究和应用方面面临的主要问题是泡孔尺寸、泡孔分布 均匀性、发泡制品表面质量控制工艺及相关微发泡机理的研究，而对微发泡过程及相关 工艺的研究是解决上述问题的切入点。 二次开模微发泡成型工艺和松退微发泡成型工艺虽然都能制备微发泡聚合物材料， 但这两种工艺在发泡量控制、工艺稳定性等方面还存在很多不足和难题。本文在以上两 种成型工艺基础上，设计加工了变容积释压仓微发泡过程装置。利用该装置重点研究了 型腔体积、反压力、装置温度和释压体积等工艺对微发泡行为的影响。 研究结果表明：型腔体积的增大为发泡体系的泡孔成核和长大创造了有利的条件， 导致发泡体系自由发泡过程的发生。随着型腔体积增大，微发泡行为逐渐明显，泡孔形 核数增多，泡孔孔径增大。注塑过程中，发泡体系受到的反压力能有效抑制自由发泡过 程的发生，降低自由发泡程度。释压工艺有利于发泡体系泡孔形核和长大。随释压体积 的增加，泡孔形核数和尺寸增大，样品密度降低。通过不同释压过程的控制，可制备出 不同发泡量的微发泡样品。对于未发泡的材料，装置温度的改变没有改变发泡体系的发 泡行为，而对于已发泡的材料，装置温度的升高导致泡孔孔径增大以及更多并泡现象的 发生。装置温度的升高可以改善微孔聚合物材料表面质量。本文通过对化学法注塑微发 泡成型工艺过程的可控性及机理研究，对发泡定量工艺控制以及注塑成型装备的研制具 有一定的指导意义。 关键词： 微发泡过程；装置设计；过程研究 Abstract The focused problem of the research and the application of the injection molding technology for the microcellular foam plastics manufacture were the control on the micro cell size, the cell distribution, the quality of the product and the development of the injection molding equipment, which would be solved through the research on the microcellular foaming process and mechanics. The second-open mold and the retreat mold technology could be used to prepare the microcellular foam plastics. But both the two technologies had many deficiencies and problem in the control of the foaming amount and the process stability. In this paper, the pressure releasing device of alterable cavity volume for the microcellular foaming process was designed and processed, based on the second-open mold and the retreat mold technology, and the cavity volume, the reverse pressure, the pressure-releasing volume and the temperature of the device on the microcellular foaming behavior were studied by this device. The results showed that the increase of the cavity volume had created the favorable conditions for the nucleation and growth of the micro cell in polymer matrix, and the induced free foaming process happened. As the cavity volume increasing, the microcellular foaming behavior was gradually evident, the amount of the micro cell increased and the cell size enlarge