2011生理学第7版血液循环ppt课件.pptVIP

Human physiology ;第四节 血型和输血原则;第四节 血型和输血;第四节 血型和输血;第四节 血型和输血;（二）Rh血型系统;（二）Rh血型系统;(一) 输血的原则与交叉配血;血液循环; 心血管系统由心脏、动脉、毛细血管和静脉组成，心脏是血液循环的动力器官。;第一节 心脏的泵血功能;一、心脏泵血的过程和机制;;一、心脏泵血的过程和机制;心肌收缩 瓣膜启闭 血液涡流;（四）心音 heart sound;心肌收缩 瓣膜启闭;二、心脏泵血功能的评定;心输出量 =每博输出量×心率;复习影响横纹肌收缩效能的因素;1、前负荷;2、后负荷;3、肌肉的收缩能力 contractility;心脏的泵血功能;心脏的泵血功能;;;;心室舒张末期充盈量;;;心脏的泵血功能;1、前负荷 preload 异长自身调节heterometric regulation 2、心肌收缩能力 contractility 等长自身调节 homometric regulation 3、后负荷 afterload 4、心率 heart rate;四、心脏泵血功能的贮备 cardiac reserve;1、每博输出量贮备 2、心率贮备 ; Blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart to capillaries in the periphery via the arterial vessels of the systemic (or greater) circulation and returns via the veins to the right heart. It is then expelled from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary (or lesser) circulation and returns to the left heart.;The cardiac cycle;The cardiac output;The first variable that determines cardiac output is Heart rate, the number of beats per minute . The second variable that determines cardiac output is stroke volume, the blood volume ejected by each ventricle with each beat. ; The ventricles do not completely empty themselves of blood during contraction. Therefore, a more forceful contraction can produce an increase in stroke volume by causing greater emptying. Changes in the force of contraction can be produced by a variety of factors, but three are dominant under most physiological and pathophysiological conditions: (1) preload; (2) contractility; (3) afterload.;刘莉洁;第二节 心脏的生物电活动和生理特性;第二节心肌细胞的电活动和生理特性;t;;;Na+内流(快钠通道) Regeneration process 超射值≈ENa+;一、心肌细胞的跨膜电位及其形成机制;心室肌的跨膜电位及其形成机制总结;（二）自律细胞的跨膜电位及其形成机制;1、浦肯野细胞 0期：Na+（快钠通道）大量迅速内流 1期： K+快速外流 2期： K+外流与Ca2+（慢钙通道）内流 3期： K+迅速外流 4期：自动去极化;2、窦房结细胞 0期：Ca2+通过慢钙通道内流 3期： K+外流 4期：自动去极化（Ik渐弱，If渐强）;窦房结细胞; 兴奋性 传导性 自律性 收缩性;（一）兴奋性 excitability;（一）兴奋性 excitability;2、心肌兴奋性的周期性变化;3、兴奋性周期性变化与收缩活动的关系;3、兴奋性周期性变化与收缩活动的关系;期