The Visual Cortex - Universit#233; dOttawa - University of Ottawa视觉皮层-大学与# 233；dottawa -渥太华大学.pptVIP

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The Visual Cortex - Universit#233; dOttawa - University of Ottawa视觉皮层-大学与# 233；dottawa -渥太华大学.ppt

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TheVisualCortex-Universit

The Visual Cortex: Anatomy The LGN projects to ipsilateral primary visual cortex (area 17, striate cortex). Remember that this means that left visual field goes to right area 17. Also remember that left visual field gets input from left eye (nasal retina) and right eye (temporal retina). This cortical region is often called striate cortex because of the unique striations caused by the dense cells in layer 4. LGN fibers end in layer 4 c in a complex pattern that I will briefly discuss. Bear et al. The Visual Cortex: Circuitry Pyramidal cells (excitatory) of area 17. The stellate cells of layer 4 C are unique modified pyramidal cells. It is important to remember that there are many classes of inhibitory (GABA) interneurons that are not shown here. There are perhaps as many as 30 interneurons in cortex. Upper cortical layers project to cortex; in this case to areas 18,19. Lower layers (5,6) project to brainstem and thalamus. Layer 5 projects to superior colliculus (control of eye movements). Layer 6 projects topographically to LGN. LGN projects to layer 4 stellate cells. These cells project to cells in the upper layer; cells in the upper layers project to the lower layers and out. Note the vertical (columnar) organization. This is a highly simplified view of cortical circuitry. Bear et al. The Visual Cortex: Spatial Organization 1 The above represents the projection of one eye to the striate cortex (layer 4C). Note the stripes. The blank regions are the stripes representing the other eye. So, in layer 4C, the eyes representing a visual field remain separated: because this separation extends through a vertical column, these are sometimes called the oculur dominance columns. A stain for cytochrome oxidase reveals an unexpected columnar organization: the CO blobs. It is independent of the OD columns. We’ll see the blobs functional significance later on. Bear et al. The Visual Cortex: Spatial Organization 2 The M (movement) and P (high resolution) pathways are kept separa