机械工程专业英语_课本翻译.ppt

By shape, gains advantage usually by using spheres or rollers, or by forming flexure bearings. 根据形状，通常通过使用球或滚柱，或者通过形成弯曲的轴承获得优点 By material, exploits the nature of the bearing material used. (An example would be using plastics that have low surface friction.) 根据材料，利用使用的轴承材料的本质（比如使用具有较低表面摩擦的塑料） By fluid, exploits the low viscosity of a layer of fluid, such as a lubricant or as a pressurized medium to keep the two solid parts from touching, or by reducing the normal force between them. 通过流体，利用流体层的低粘性，诸如润滑剂或具有一定压力的介质以比避免两个固体零件的接触，或者降低它们之间的法应力 * By fields, exploits electromagnetic fields, such as magnetic fields, to keep solid parts from touching. 通过场，利用电磁场，诸如磁场，是固体零件不接触 Combinations of these can even be employed within the same bearing. 这些间的结合甚至能够在同样的轴承中应用 An example of this is where the cage is made of plastic, and it separates the rollers/balls, which reduce friction by their shape and finish. 这方面的例子是，保持架由塑料支承，它把滚动体分开，滚动体通过它们的形状和表面质量降低摩擦 There are at least six common principles of operation: 至少有六种常见的操作类型： sliding bearings, usually called bushes, bushings, journal bearings, sleeve bearings, rifle bearings, or plain bearings 滑动轴承，通常被称为 * rolling-element bearings such as ball bearings and roller bearings 诸如球轴承和滚子轴承等滚动元素轴承 jewel bearings, in which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off-center 宝石轴承，在其中通过滚动偏心轴承载 fluid bearings, in which the load is carried by a gas or liquid 流体轴承，其中通过气体或液体承担载荷 magnetic bearings, in which the load is carried by a magnetic field 磁轴承，其中通过磁场承担载荷 flexure bearings, in which the motion is supported by a load element which bends. * Common motions permitted by bearings are: 通过轴承允许的常见运动是: Axial rotation e.g. shaft rotation 轴向旋转 Linear motion e.g. drawer 线性运动 spherical rotation e.g. ball and socket joint 球面运动 hinge motion e.g. door 铰链运动 Bearings vary greatly over the size and directions of forces that they can support. 轴承在尺寸和它们能够支承的力方向很大的改变 Forces can be predominately radial, axial (thrust bearings) or moments perpendicu