管理学专业英语chaptr14 Innovation Change.pptVIP

What Are Some Reasons for Change? Economic forces Changing markets Government regulations Changes in the labor market Changes in technological advances What Kinds of Change? Why Do People Resist Change? People are afraid the unknown Dislike of the change agent Lack of resources that need changing Loss of security Lack good information Lack of good reason to change Why Do People Resist Change? 1. People are afraid the unknown 2. Dislike of the change agent (change agents are the people who are responsible for the change process. They can be managers, team leaders, or outside consultants.) 3. Lack of resources that need changing 4. Loss of security 5. Lack good information 6. Lack of good reason to change Innovation READING Singapore—A Study in Change Framework Language Points Infrastructure: systems that help a country develop GDP: Gross domestic product. Tariffs and duties: forms of taxes on imports and exports Information technology: technology for communication, data processing, etc., that is based on computers, fiber-optic cables, etc. Exercise#3 Decide if these changes are radical or incremental. Put (R) forradical and (I) for incremental. You may want to discuss some of your answers: Exercise#4 Product or process? Decide which item is product and which is process. Put them in the proper category: Exercise#6 Put the words and phrases in the right category: Exercise#6 WORDS MEANINGS Innovation and Change Innovation change Strategies for change Kinds of change ● radical incremental ● planned unplanned Innovation ● production process innovation ● strategies to innovation Dealing with resistance Resistance to change Radical and Incremental ◆ radical change results in major changes in the company. ◆ incremental change builds on existing processes and may modify them slowly with the purpose to improve operations. Kinds of Change Planned and Unplanned ◆ planned change results from specific decisions and policies