Undestanding the Role of Contextualized Input larcstartalk11理解的作用的语境化输入larcstartalk11.docVIP

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Undestanding the Role of Contextualized Input larcstartalk11理解的作用的语境化输入larcstartalk11.doc

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Undestanding the Role of Contextualized Input larcstartalk11理解的作用的语境化输入larcstartalk11

Teacher’s Handbook: Contextualizing Language Instruction (4th ed., Shrum Glisan) Chapter 1 Summary Understanding the Role of Contextualized Input, Output, and Interaction in Language Learning Chapter 1 presents a discussion of key theoretical positions that attempt to explain the role of contextualized input, output, and interaction in the language learning process in order to answer the questions “How do people learn languages?” and “What does it mean to know a language?”. We posit a framework based on sociocultural theory to acknowledge that language-learning processes are as much social as they are cognitive. In this chapter, you will learn about: Universal Grammar competence vs. performance communicative competence Krashen’s Input Hypothesis acquisition vs. learning input processing variability in performance Interlanguage Theory Long’s Interaction Hypothesis negotiation of meaning Swain’s Output Hypothesis sociocultural theory Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development scaffolding mediation language play interactional competence affect and motivation Observe and Reflect: Observing a Child Interacting in His/Her Native Language (L1); Alternative Observation of a Child Interacting in His/Her Native Language (L1); Observing a Beginning Language (L2) Class Discuss and Reflect: Creating Real Conversational Models Conceptual Orientation Research in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has offered the field of language teaching valuable insights into the nature of language learning (Dulay Burt, 1977; Ellis, 1997; Gass, 1979; Gass, Lee, Roots, 2007; Hall, 1997, 1999; Krashen, 1982; Schulz, 1991; VanPatten Cadierno, 1993). By studying SLA research, teachers are able to examine critically the principles upon which they base foreign language instruction. We will use the term language learning to refer to the process of learning a language other than the native language in either a natural or classroom setting. The term target language (TL) is used to refer t