Percent Composition 百分组成.pptVIP

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Percent Composition 百分组成.ppt

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Percent Composition 百分组成

Percent Composition(Section 11.4) Helps determine identity of unknown compound Think CSI—they use a mass spectrometer Percent by mass of each element in a compound To calculate percent composition H2O Percent Composition of Water Even though there are 2 hydrogen atoms in water, most of the mass of water comes from the 1 oxygen atom Percent Composition Practice KNO2 Percent composition of N 2. % P in Al2(PO4)3 3. % Cl in LiCl 4. % Ca in CaSO4 a. 40.1 % b. 29.44 % c. 136.2 % d. 70.5 % 5. % H in NaOH a. 2.5 % b. 5.0 % c. 97.5 % d. 95 % 6. % H in (NH4)3PO4 a. 0.67 % b. 2.68 % c. 4.70 % d. 8.05 % 7. Cl in CuCl2 a. 26.39 % b. 52.79 % c. 1.89 % d. 3.79 % 8. % Sn in SnSO3 a. 0.60 % b. 59.71 % c. 1.67 % d. 167 % 9. % O in Mg(OH)2 a. 27.44 % b. 18.22 % c. 37.82 % d. 54.89 % Calculate the percent composition Phosphorus in Al2(PO4)3 P = 3 x 31.0 = 93 g/mol Al2(PO4)3 = 2 x 27 + 3 x 31 + 12 x 16 = 339 g/mol % P = (93 / 339) x 100 = 27.43% Chlorine in LiCl Cl = 1 x 35.5 = 35.5 g/mol LiCl= 1 x 6.9 + 1 x 35.5 = 42.4 g/mol % Cl = (35.5 / 42.4) x 100 = 83.73% Calcium in CaSO4 Ca = 1 x 40.1 = 40.1 g/mol CaSO4 = 1 x 40.1 + 1 x 32.1 + 4 x 16 = 136.2 g/mol % Ca = (40.1 / 136.2) x 100 = 29.44% Calculate the percent composition Sodium in NaCl Na = 1 x 23 g/mol = 23 g/mol NaCl = 1 x 23 + 1 x 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol % Na = (23 / 58.5) x 100 = 39.32% Sulfur in H2SO4 S = 1 x 32.1 = 32.1 g/mol H2SO4 = 2 x 1 + 1 x 32.1 + 4 x 16 = 98.1 g/mol % S = (32.1 / 98.1) x 100 = 32.72% Potassium in KNO3 K = 1 x 39.1 = 39.1 g/mol KNO3 = 1 x 39.1 + 1 x 14 + 3 x 16 = 101.1 g/mol % K = (39.1 / 101.1) x 100 = 38.67% Empirical vs Molecular Formulas Empirical formula = formula with smallest whole number ratio of elements Recognize because it is the simplified formula Molecular formula = formula with actual number of atoms of each element Empirical Molecular C4H9 C8H18 H2O H6O3 We use the percent composition to calculate th