Lecture 17 – May 24, 2010 Ring Current Dynamics讲座7–2010年5月24日环电流的动力学.pptVIP

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Lecture 17 – May 24, 2010 Ring Current Dynamics讲座7–2010年5月24日环电流的动力学.ppt

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Lecture 17 – May 24, 2010 Ring Current Dynamics讲座7–2010年5月24日环电流的动力学

Lecture 17 – May 24, 2010Ring Current Dynamics ESS 261 – Spring 2010Advanced Topics R.L. McPherron Origin of Concept of “Magnetic Storm”(D. Stern - /Education/wmagstrm.html) The term magnetic storm, meaning a world-wide magnetic disturbance, was coined by Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859). A naturalist who gained attention by exploring the jungles of Venezuela, Humboldt devoted much of his life to the promotion of science. He produced five volumes of Kosmos (starting the modern usage of that term), an encyclopedic account covering the broad spectrum of the sciences. It was Kosmos which brought to the worlds attention the discovery of the sunspot cycle by Heinrich Schwabe. ? ? After journeying through Siberia, Humboldt convinced the Czar to set up a network of magnetic observatories across the Russian lands, and additional stations were established throughout the British Empire, from Toronto to Tasmania. This network clearly showed that magnetic storms were essentially identical all over the world: a steep decrease of the field over 6-24 hours, followed by a gradual recovery which lasted 1-4 days. The change in the magnetic field was small, in modern units some 50-300 nT (nanotesla) out of a total intensity of 30-60,000 nT, but its world-wide scale suggested that something quite big was happening out in space. Interplanetary Magnetic Field, AE and Dst Indices During Storm Coronal mass ejection produce intervals of strong southward Bz at the earth Magnetic reconnection drives magnetospheric convection Convection drives currents along field lines and through ionosphere Ground magnetometers record effects of ionospheric currents in H and other components H traces are used to construct the AE and Dst index CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE VARIATION IN THE H COMPONENT Longitudinal Profile of DBj from Magnetospheric Currents Symmetric ring should create nearly constant longitudinal profile in H component Local time average of ?H at equator approximates ?B at center of Earth But