Did the Decline in Social Capial Decrease American Happiness在社会资本的下降减少美国的幸福.docVIP

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Did the Decline in Social Capial Decrease American Happiness在社会资本的下降减少美国的幸福.doc

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Did the Decline in Social Capial Decrease American Happiness在社会资本的下降减少美国的幸福

Did the Decline in Social Capital Decrease American Happiness? A Relational Explanation of the Happiness Paradox* S. Bartolini, University of Siena E. Bilancini+, University of Siena M. Pugno, University of Cassino Abstract Most popular explanations of the happiness paradox cannot fully account for the lack of growth in U.S. reported well-being during the last thirty years (Blanchflower and Oswald (2004)). In this paper we test an alternative hypothesis, namely that the decline in U.S. social capital is responsible for what is left unexplained by previous research. We provide three main findings. First, we show that the inclusion of social capital does improve the account of reported happiness. Second, we provide evidence of a decline in social capital indicators for the period 1975-2004, confirming Putnams claim (Putnam (2000)). Finally, we show that failed growth of happiness is largely due to the decline of social capital and, in particular, to the decline of its relational and intrinsically motivated component. Keywords: happiness, social capital, economic growth, relational goods, instrinsic motivations JEL Classification: I3, O1 1. Introduction In the last thirty years Americans experienced a decline in their average reported happiness and social capital. To what extent this two stylized facts are linked? In this paper we empirically try to answer this question. The decline in US happiness is the American version of the so called paradox of happiness. The latter was formulated by Easterlin (1974), who showed two stylized facts: that people in industrialized countries are not becoming happier over time despite economic growth, and that people with a higher income than others, at any given point in time, do report higher levels of happiness. If more income makes an individual better off, why does an increase in the income of all not improve everybody’s lot? Further evidence of the paradox has been provided by subsequent research and it has attracted interest