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Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion, and theExtracellular Matrix细胞连接,细胞粘附,细胞外基质
Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion, and the Extracellular Matrix Cell adhesion The c-adherins Epithelial-mesenchymal transition In mesenchymal cells the adhesion molecules are switched off. The transition is regulated by gene regulatory components named Slug, Snal and Twist. They affect E-cadherin expression Twist suppresses E-cadherin. It is involved in malignant transformation. Cell-cell junctions signalling The level of p120-catenin regulates cell junctions Beta-catenin is involved in the wnt-signalling Flamingo may act as a G-protein-coupled receptor VE-cadherin is essential for response to VEGF selectins Cadherins, integrins, selectins and Ig-members mediate cell adhesion Cadherins, integrins and selectins are Ca-dependent, Ig-members are not. Selectins mediate cell-cell adhesion in the bloodstream They bind carbohydrates (lectins) Selectins E-Selectin P-Selectin Immunoglobulin superfamily The Ig-superfamily members mediate Ca-independent cell adhesion. ICAM and VCAM (Cellular Adhesion Molecules) bind integrins Other types may have homophilic binding Figure 19-19a Molecular Biology of the Cell (? Garland Science 2008) Structure of selectins Figure 19-19b Molecular Biology of the Cell (? Garland Science 2008) functions of selectins animation Selectins Type I transmembrane proteins containing CTLD, EGF and 2–9 complement control protein (CCP) domains. Cell adhesion. Involved in the first step (initial attachment (tethering) and subsequent movement (rolling)) of leukocyte recruitment from the blood stream into sites of inflammation and lymphatic tissues. CTLDs bind the carbohydrate sialyl LewisX (SLeX) with low affinity; different high-affinity glycoprotein ligands also identified. Binding occurs via an extended site on the CTLD; in addition to fucose binding at the primary site, electrostatic and hydrogen–bond interactions are formed with other monosaccharide moieties of SLeX L-Selectin Selectins Expressed in blood monocytes, neutrophils, T and B ly
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