高中英语必修四：unit3 GRAMMAR 教案.docVIP

被动语态用法小结 【语境展示】 1. The three words are pronounced in the same way. 2. They were given a warm send-off at the airport. 3. The matter will be looked into in the future. 4. I didn’t expect that I would be asked to speak. 5. The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 6. A new supersonic aircraft was being designed. 7. They have been warned not to swim there. 8. He told me that the factory had been closed down. 【归纳】 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态常用于以下几种情况： 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。如： Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 2. 不必提到动作的执行者。如： Such things are not done twice. 3. 强调或侧重动作的承受者。如： The girl is liked by everybody. 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本形式是“be + V-ed 形式”。通过改变be 的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。 二、各个时态的被动语态的构成 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are + V-ed 形式(如例句1) 2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + V-ed 形式(如例句2) 3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will + be + V-ed 形式(如例句3) 4. 一般过去将来时的被动语态：would + be + V-ed形式(如例句4) 5. 现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + being +V-ed形式(如例句5) 6. 过去进行时的被动语态：was / were + being +V-ed形式(如例句6) 7. 现在完成时的被动语态：has / have + been +V-ed形式(如例句7) 8. 过去完成时的被动语态：had + been + V-ed 形式(如例句8) 其他时态或没有被动语态，或极少用被动语态。 三、一些特殊结构的被动形式 1. 双宾动词的被动结构。有些双宾动词（如give，lend，offer，send，show，tell 等）可用于被动结构，在多数情况下都把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。有时也可把直接宾语变为主语，把间接宾语改为to 引导的短语。如： I was given a gift on my birthday. A gift was given to me on my birthday. 2.“be + V-ed形式+ 动词不定式”结构。如： She is reported to have broken a world record. 3.“情态动词+ be + V-ed形式”结构。如： This can’t be done in a short time. 4.“get + V-ed形式”结构。如： Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads. 5.“it + be + V-ed 形式+ that 引导的从句”结构。 常用于此类结构的动词有believe，know，prove，report，say，suppose 等。如： It is reported that he was driving carelessly. 四、在用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 1. 在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于by 之后。但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作发出者。如： The match had to be put off because of bad weather. 2. 一些感官动词（如feel，hear，look，notice，see，watch 等）及使役动词（如make，let，have 等）在主动语态中一般跟不带to 的动词不定式，但在被动语态中to不可省去。如： We often hear him play the guitar. → He is