聚苯乙烯的应用研究发展方向.docVIP

聚苯乙烯的应用及研究发展方向 摘要： 关键词： 以下紧接英文题目、作者姓名及所在单位的英译文、摘要和关键词的英译文： Applications and research directions of polystyrene Abstract：Since the early 1930s, first in Germany to achieve polystyrene industrial production in the future, its applications are constantly expanding, so far, to achieve the scale polystyrene, leaps and bounds. Polystyrene has excellent resistance to water moisture resistance, good light, high hardness, high impact resistance, thermal insulation properties and other characteristics, it is now one of the most important application area is used as a building wall insulation - polystyrene foam board. However, the biggest drawback is the polystyrene foam flammability, poor fire performance, making its use in building materials has been a great extent. Moreover, domestic polystyrene production technology is relatively backward, now it is mostly confined to the low end applications, such as containers, daily necessities, electronics and other industries. With the progress of modern science and technology, modified polystyrene, make up material defects to the maximum extent, has become an important direction of todays research and development. Key words：Polystyrene performance; applications; modification; Situation and Prospects; suggestions引言 )聚苯乙烯是指有苯乙烯单体经自由基缩聚反应合成的聚合物，英文名称为Polystyrene，简称PS。玻璃化温度80～90，非晶态密度1.04～1.06克/立方厘米，晶体密度1.11～1.12克/立方厘米，熔融温度240，电阻率为1020～1022欧·厘米。导热系数30时0.116瓦/(米·开)。通常的聚苯乙烯为非晶态无规聚合物，具有优良的绝热、绝缘和透明性，长期使用温度0～70，低温易开裂。此外还有全同和间同立构聚苯乙烯。普通聚苯乙烯树脂属无定形高分子聚合物，聚苯乙烯大分子链的侧基为苯环，大体积侧基为苯环的无规排列决定了聚苯乙烯的物理化学性质，如透明度高刚度大玻璃化温度高，性脆等。可发性聚苯乙烯为在普通聚苯乙烯中浸渍低沸点的物理发泡剂制成，加工过程中受热发泡，专用于制作泡沫塑料产品。高抗冲聚苯乙烯为苯乙烯和丁二烯的共聚物间规聚苯乙烯为间同结构，采用茂金属催化剂生产，是近年来发展的聚苯乙烯新品种，性能好，属于工程塑料 性能 机械性能 PS的分子量过高，加工困难，所以通常聚苯乙烯的分子量为5～20万。PS的机性能，随温度升高，刚性弹性模量、抗拉强度、冲击强度等下降，而断裂伸长率较大。PS的透明性好，透光率达88～92%，仅次于丙烯酸类聚合物，折射率为1.59～1.60。故可用作光学零件，但它受阳光作用后，易出现发黄和混浊。PS有主要缺点是性脆和耐热低。优越的抗水、防潮性挤塑板具有紧密的闭孔结构。聚苯乙烯分子结构本身不吸水，板材的正反面又都没有缝隙，因此，吸水率极低，防潮和防渗透性能极佳。 高强度抗压性：挤塑板由于发泡结构紧密相连且壁间无缝隙，所以其抗压强度极高，即使长时间水泡仍维持不变。因此用作泊车平台、机场跑道、高速公路等领域能受到良好的抗冲击