Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease Phoenix Memory 生物标志物和阿尔茨海默病凤凰记忆.pptVIP

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Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease Phoenix Memory 生物标志物和阿尔茨海默病凤凰记忆.ppt

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Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease Phoenix Memory 生物标志物和阿尔茨海默病凤凰记忆

Alzheimer’s Disease Stephen S. Flitman, MD Medical Director 21st Century Neurology a division of Xenoscience, Inc. Phoenix, Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease The leading cause of dementia in the US Progressive loss of cognitive functions: Memory Language Motor control (praxis) Spatial ability Executive function and behavior Risk Factors in AD Age - Between the ages of 65 and 85, the prevalence of AD doubles with each increase of 5 years. Head Injury - AD patients report higher incidence of prior head injury than non-AD individuals. Genetics - Several genes are associated with AD Protective Factors in AD Estrogen Antioxidants (Vitamin E) Anti-inflammatory Agents Education? Smoking? NINCDS-ADRDA Criteria for AD Probable Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia with onset between ages 40 90 Cognitive deficits in two or more areas Progressive memory and cognitive deterioration No other illness that could account for such deficits No disturbance of consciousness Definite Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical criteria for probable AD Histopathologic evidence from autopsy or brain biopsy Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Using NINCDS-ADRDA criteria: Age 65-74: 3.0% Age 75-84: 18.7% Age 85+: 47.2% Overall over age 65: 10.3% Fourth leading cause of death in the US after heart disease, cancer, and stroke Signs and Symptoms at Different Stages of AD Pathology Anatomic Progression Phase I - Entorhinal Cortex connectivity correlates with progression Phase II - Hippocampus CA1 region Phase III - Neocortex, plus Hippocampus CA4 region and Subiculum Cortical Medial Nuclei of Amygdala Putamen . Alzheimer’s disease vs. Pick’s disease Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Neuritic plaques consist of a core of b-amyloid formed by beta protein fibrils from the aggregated 42 amino acid A/b peptide, surrounded by swollen, dystrophic neurites. Neurofibrillary tangles fill the interior of degenerating neurons. The presence of plaques and tangles at autopsy is used to confirm a diagnosis of AD. Plaques and Neurofibrillary