-考研英语历年阅读真题及译文.doc

2005 Text 1 Every?body loves? a fat pay rise. Yet pleas?ure at your own can vanis?h if you learn? that a colle?ague has been given? a bigge?r one. Indee?d, if he has a reput?ation? for slack?ing, you might? even be outra?ged. Such behav?iour is regar?ded as “all too human?”, with the under?lying? assum?ption? that other? anima?ls would? not be capab?le of this finel?y devel?oped sense? of griev?ance. But a study? by Sarah? Brosn?an and Frans? de Waal of Emory? Unive?rsity? in Atlan?ta, Georg?ia, which? has just been publi?shed in Natur?e, sugge?sts that it all too monke?y, as well. The resea?rcher?s studi?ed the behav?iour of femal?e brown? capuc?hin monke?ys. They look cute. They are good-natur?ed, co-opera?tive creat?ures, and they share? their? food tardi?ly. Above? all, like their? femal?e human? count?erpar?ts, they tend to pay much close?r atten?tion to the value? of “goods? and servi?ces” than males?. Such chara?cteri?stics? make them perfe?ct candi?dates? for Dr. Brosn?ans and Dr. de waals; study?. The resea?rcher?s spent? two years? teach?ing their? monke?ys to excha?nge token?s for food. Norma?lly, the monke?ys were happy? enoug?h to excha?nge piece?s of rock for slice?s of cucum?ber. Howev?er, when two monke?ys were place?d in separ?ate but adjoi?ning chamb?ers, so that each could? obser?ve what the other? was getti?ng in retur?n for its rock, their? behav?iour becam?e marke?dly diffe?rent. In the world? of capuc?hins grape?s are luxur?y goods? (and much prefe?rable? to cucum?bers) So when one monke?y was hande?d a grape? in excha?nge for her token?, the secon?d was reluc?tant to hand hers over for a mere piece? of cucum?ber. And if one recei?ved a grape? witho?ut havin?g to provi?de her token? in excha?nge at all, the other? eithe?r tosse?d her own token? at the resea?rcher? or out of the chamb?er, or refus?ed to accep?t the slice? of cucum?ber .Indee?d, the mere prese?nce of a grape? in the other? chamb?er (witho?ut an actua?l monke?y to eat it) was en