红字 纳撒尼尔 霍桑.pptVIP

The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter was declared a classic almost immediately after its publication in 1850, and it has stayed in print and in favor ever since. it has been hailed both as the first symbolic novel and as the first psychological novel(第一部象征主义小说和心里分析小说) in America. With the publication of The Scarlet Letter in 1850,Nathaniel Hawthorne became famous as the greatest writer living then in the United States and his reputation as a major American author has been on the increase ever since. 内容简介　　海丝特·白兰跟丈夫从英国移居当时尚属英殖民地的美国波士顿。中途丈夫被印第安人俘虏。海丝特只身到美后与青年牧师丁梅斯代尔发生爱情并怀孕产生爱情结晶。此事，被当地虚伪的清教徒社会视为大逆不道。当局把海丝抓起来投入监狱，游街示众，还要终生佩带象征耻辱的红色的A字（Adultery：通奸女犯）和站在示众台上受审。丁梅斯代尔—一个被公众视为最高道德典范的诱骗海丝特的奸夫，也假惺惺地劝说她招出奸夫的姓名。但海丝特宁愿一人受辱，誓死也不招供。在远离社会，远离人群，受尽屈辱的处境中，海丝特孤苦顽强地生活着，全仗刺绣为生。她生活中的惟一支柱是抚养掌上明珠般的女儿珠儿。海丝特这种忍辱负重、代人受过和不屈不挠的精神，使丁梅斯代尔大为感动，也大受刺激，不久他便心力交瘁地病倒了。而获释归来，一直在暗中侦察底细的海丝特的丈夫罗杰·奇林渥斯医生，在给丁梅斯代尔治病中，已基本了解到了真情，并欲置丁梅斯代尔于死地。为了逃脱，海丝特跟丁梅斯代尔议定在新市长就职那天，带上孩于一同乘船到“看不到白人足迹”的地方去。但此事也被奇林渥斯识破，逃脱不成。而且，丁梅斯代尔在新市长就职那天，携海丝特和珠儿走上示众台，当众宣布了自己是海丝特丈夫的事实，并死在海丝特怀抱中。海丝特也从此得到了解放，带着珠儿远走他方。若干年后，珠儿长大成人，安了家立了业，而海丝特却一人再回到波士顿，仍带着那个红色的A字，用自己的“崇高的道德和助人精神”，把耻辱的红字变成了道德与光荣的象征，直到老死。 outline The novel is a good example of fiction, not for its ideas but for art. Structural link: Three scaffold scenes (like three pillars) bring main characters together, unfold all the confliction, make the novel well knitted and woven together. The main characters of the novel Hester :the heroine (beautiful,brave ,strong,chaste忠贞的,assiduous有毅力的,rebellious反叛的,kind，compromise妥协性) Dimmesdale ： Hester’s lover (learned,respectible,feeble软弱的 ,hypocritic虚伪的,but finally brave) Roger Chillingworth ： Hester’s husband (misshapen畸形的,learned,snaky阴险的,jealous善妒的,cruel) Pearl: Hester’s daughter (beautiful, lovely ,pure, mischievous顽皮的) Evaluation of the novel Reading it, one wonders whether it is a story of love. The answer is yes, but then no, because the love part of the story is long over before the book begins. One wonders whether it is a story of sin. Th