毕业论文-船舶制冷—中央空调.docVIP

南通航运职业技术学院 毕业设计（论文） 班级 专业 机电一体化 题目 船舶制冷—中央空调 学生姓名 陈洪亮 指导教师 年 月 日 摘 要 空调在我们日常生活中已经非常普遍，也可以说是不可或缺的家电，因为在我们所居住的地区，受季节的影响，会出现寒冷及酷热的时期，那么，大家为了能舒适，安全的度过这一时期，纷纷安装了空调，因为空调可以让你的室温达到冬暖夏凉的效果。 首先了解到空调的几个基本的组成设备，有压缩机，冷凝器，膨胀阀，蒸发器，滑油分离器，制冷方式:液体制冷剂在膨胀阀的节流作用下进入蒸发盘管中，制冷剂就会在较低的压力下吸热汽化，从空气中吸取热量，使空气温度降低，从而实现制冷。为了使蒸发管中的压力不会因为不断流入汽化的制冷剂而升高，压缩机把制冷剂抽出，一是维持蒸发器低压，同时把高温高压的气态制冷剂送到冷凝器中，使气态冷剂放热从而液化，然后再一次进入循环系统。 对船舶空调的要求:船舶空调主要用于满足人们对工作和生活环境舒适和卫生的要求。对温度湿度等空气条件的要求并不十分严格，允许在稍大的范围内变动，属于舒适性设备。 (1)温度:温度条件冬季为19～24，夏季为21～28。我国的标准为冬季19～22，夏季为24～28。 (2)湿度:人对空气的湿度并不敏感，夏季空调采用去湿法，控制在40％～50％；冬季在30％～40％为宜。 (3)清新程度:清新程度就是指空气清洁和新鲜的程度。如果只从满足人对氧的需要出发，供给量在2．4m3／h。 (4)气流速度:室内气流速度以0．15～0．20m／s为宜，最大不超过0．35m／s，否则人会感到不舒服。目 录 摘 要···············································································1 第一章 概述··········································································3 1.1制冷与制冷方法·························································3 1.1.1天然制冷·························································3 1.1.2人工制冷·························································3 1.2制冷技术中常用术语····························································4 第二章 制冷装置和主要设备·······················································6 2.1装置的组成及制冷循环···················································6 2.2主要设备·······························································6 2.2.1 活塞式制冷压缩机·················································6 2.2.2 冷凝器与蒸发器···················································7 2.2.3膨胀阀···························································8 2.3 制冷装置的自动控制元件·················································8 2.3.1 热力膨胀阀·······················································8 2.3.2电子膨胀阀·······················································8 2.3.3 水量调节阀······················································10 2.3.4恒压阀··························································10 第三章 中央空调系统原理及调试···············