xn动词不定式[课件].ppt

to have done 的用法 1.表示完成( 过去发生的动作） eg. I am sorry/ glad to have known the news. I am happy to have met you.Goodbye. She is said to have studied abroad.= It is said that she studied abroad. 2.表示虚拟 was/were to have done meant to nave done ought to have done intended to have done hoped to have done would like to have done was supposed to have done eg.I hoped to have visited you,but I had something else to do then. 几对易混淆的词组： stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做．．． forget to do sth.　忘记去做．．． doing sth.　忘记已做了．．． remember to do sth.　记得去做．．． doing sth.　记得曾经做．．． Try to do 尽力做 doing 尝试做 * * 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、补语，表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。 不定式 一.结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 时态与语态 完成式 进行式 一般式 被动语态 主动语态 不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done ---------- (1).They pretended not to see us. (2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.) (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行) (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) 1. 作主语 2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作定语 5. 作状语 6. 作表语 7. 作独立成分 8. 与疑问词等连用 三. 用法/ 功能 To see is to believe. It’s important to learn English well . (1). 主语 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后. My aim to help the patient. is (2). 表语 主语常常是表意向，打算，计划的词。如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, dream, aim等 I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. (3) 宾语 think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. afford, wish, want, expect等 注意： 不定式用在介词but, except, 后作宾语时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to. (1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. . 1)带to的不定式作宾补 ask, advise, allow, remind, persuade, order, warn, force 等 + sb to do He asked you to call him at t