牛虻presentation.pptVIP

About the Author About the novel First came out in 1897 Widely read books of 20th century Translated to more than 20 languages Adapted for the screen and stage A large Chinese readership won in 1950s Character introduction: Background Introduction: Italy in the first half of the 19th century The naming of the novel 《牛虻》是爱尔兰的女作家艾捷尔·丽莲·伏尼契所作的。它反映的历史背景是19世纪的意大利。在1815年，维也纳会议把意大利分割成多个小国，一部分划入奥地利帝国，其他的小国也受到奥地利的控制和奴役。为了赶走奥地利人，统一意大利，意大利人民进行了不屈的斗争，一些爱国的仁人志士建立了烧炭党，并在二三十年代举行了多次起义，但是都被奥地利人给镇压了。1830年，意大利当局把烧炭党人玛志尼放逐到国外。一年以后，玛志尼在法国马赛组织了一个秘密团体“青年意大利”。至于青年意大利党的宗旨，用牛虻的话来说就是“献身于意大利，帮着把她从奴役和苦难中解救出来，并且驱逐奥地利人，使她成为一个共和国，没有国王，只有基督”。 小说题名《牛虻》，是因为作者自幼尊敬古希腊哲学家苏格拉底。苏格拉底曾被诬告用哲学腐蚀青年而被宗教法庭判处死刑。临刑前他对审判官说：“真正意义的行为是不应当考虑生命危险的，我被神派到这个城市里来，好比是马身上的一只牛虻，职责就是刺激它赶快前进。”这种坚持信仰，宁死不屈的崇高精神，被伏尼契移植到她的作品的主人公身上，所以给亚瑟取了“牛虻”这个外号，小说即因此而得名。 Text Analysis: How to read fiction Elements of a typical fiction Detailed analysis into the Gadfly Two levels of meaning: Plot: the carefully planned sequence of events in a story. Setting: the environment in which the characters live and move. Characters: the persons who initiate or go through the events of the plot. Let’s examine our text in this way: 1 setting 2 principal characters 3 plot 4 epilogue You should tell: The name of the location; The period of history and describe briefly the political and social conditions that shape the characters’ lives; You can refer to Note 2 if you are not sure about them; Plot analysis: Let’s do it in a different perspective focusing on Arthur: a What makes Arthur , a devoted Christian, decided to renounce his faith in Christ? 1 he confessed to Father Cardi, another priest of the Roman Catholic Church, that he was a jealous of a comrade of his. The priest turned out to be a police informer, and both Arthur and that comrade were arrested. 2 Arthur discovered that Montanelli, a priest of the Roman Catholic Church, his beloved teacher, was in fact his father, who had fooled him with a lie. b What made Arthur run aw