浅析火灾烟气的危害与防范对策.pdf

中国公共安全·学术版 火灾科学 2011年第2期总第23期 China Public Security. Academy Edition Fire Science 2011 No.2 Sum. No.23 浅析火灾烟气的危害与防范对策 1 2 黄冷雨 江舜勇 （1 福建省石狮市公安消防大队，石狮 362700 2 福建省公安消防总队培训基地，福州 350012） 【摘  要】 在火灾中物质燃烧或热解产生的烟气，实际上是悬浮固体、液体粒子和气体的混合物。烟气具有相当的毒 害窒息、遮蔽光线及高温对流作用。本文中，笔者从分析火灾烟气理化特性及其对受困人员与救援人员的危害性、火 灾烟气对火灾蔓延发展的影响入手，结合建筑防火、灭火救援与疏散逃生等消防理论知识，归纳性地提出应在建筑布 局形式与构造上设置防烟排烟设施、建筑装修装饰材料选材采用不燃难燃材料、逃生自救时掌握正确防范烟气侵害、 消防队伍提高烟气应对能力等对策。 【关键词】 火灾；烟气；危害；防范；对策 【 2011]23-0078-03 中图分类号】 【文献标识码】 【 】 【文献标识码】 D631.6 A DOI 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2396.2011.02.021 Analysis on the Hazards of Fire Smoke and Countermeasures HUANG Lengyu 1 JIANG Shunyong2 (1 Police Fire Brigade of Shishi City, Fujian Province, Shishi 362700, China 2 Police Fire Corps Training Base of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350012, China) Abstract: Smoke produced by material burning or pyrolysis in the fire are mixture of suspended solids, liquid particles and gas, in fact. Gas has considerable effects of toxic suffocation, shield light and heat convection. In this article, the author start from the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of fire smoke, the dangers of fire smoke for trapped and rescue workers and the impact of the spread of fire. The author combine with fire theoretical knowledge such as building fire protection, fire fighting and rescue, evacuation escape. Authors propose solutions such as set on the smoke exhaust facilities in the building layout and structure, use non-combustible and flame retardant materials when select building decoration materials,