中国的C模式 清洁生产和 与应用 .ppt

Main Message: In Sweden, Electrolux has partnered with an energy utility company to start a pilot program in which customers are offered a pay-per-wash option for their laundry needs. Customers pay only for the function of clean clothes rather than purchasing the appliance and the energy. Electrolux has a strong incentive to keep its machines functioning properly and recycling or refurbishing them when finished. Electrolux is also seeking similar opportunities in its professional equipment business (ex. floor cleaning equipment, medical refrigeration, and vending machines). The Electrolux example provides a good picture of new payment structures and service delivery options that can be used to turn a product into a service. Background: In November 1999, Electrolux introduced a new pilot project called Pay-per-Wash, at the Gotland Island in Sweden. The island was chosen because it’s the only place in the world so far with Internet-connected electrical meters installed in 7,000 households, which allows for remote reading. This is how it works: The customer borrows a new washing machine for free, and pays only the actual cost for the installation. During the installation, the washer is connected via an “intelligent” electrical meter and the Internet to a central database that keeps track of consumption. The customer pays for the use of the washing machine, which is charged on the electricity bill. The machine is owned and serviced by Electrolux. When the machine has served its duty, it is taken back and can be scrapped, remanufactured or used as a source of spare parts. This project is the first of its kind to turn the focus from selling products to selling services, so called functional sales. The customer only pays for his or her use, and does not have to bother with the buying and caring for the machine. The pay-per-wash-project is set up in collaboration with utility company Vattenfall, which owns the infrastructure and takes care of the invoicing. Comm