北京大学心理学研究与论文写作讲座课件.pptVIP

心理学研究与论文写作 Xiaolin Zhou Center for Brain and Cognitive Science and Department of Psychology Peking University Beijing 100871, China / Scientific Research 科学的第一原则：引出有价值的、能用实证方法来进行研究的问题 ? 科学的第二原则：把研究与有关的理论相联系 科学的第三原则：使用能够直接对问题进行考察的方法 Scientific Research on encouraging assessment 科学的第四原则：提供一个连贯的、明晰的推理过程? 科学的第五原则：可重复性和可推广性 科学的第六原则：公开研究情况，以便鼓励专业界的审查的批评 Quoted from SCIENTIFIC RECERCH IN EDUCATION Committee on Scientific Principles for Education Research Richard J. Shavelson and Lisa Towne 科学精神与科学论文 科学性——方法论上的特征 科学性是科技论文的生命。一是论文内容的科学性，表现为论文的内容是真实的，其数据是可以重复的。二是论文表述的科学性，即表达要明白准确。 首创性——科技论文的灵魂 论文中揭示的事物现象的本质、规律和特性，应该是前人未见的或部分未见的；也就是说文章要有所发现，有所发明，有所创造。 科学精神与科学论文 逻辑性——文章的结构 撰写科技论文应该思路清晰，结构严谨，数据图表完整可靠，文字通顺，最后要分析讨论、推理，提高到学术的高度，而不是象实验报告一样，成为数字、现象的简单堆砌。 有效性——文章的表达方式 正式刊物发表的论文会成为人类知识宝库中的一个组成部分。良好的表达正如园林布局，安排不当，索然无味；安排精巧，就会达到峰回路转，曲径通幽的美感。 General Steps in Research Make a research plan Design and choose appropriate method Collect data Write up the report 确定研究主题 Read extensively Then focus on one issue Find contradictory views, evidences, design flaws etc. Or find new topics Actively participate in laboratory meeting and discussion Actively participate in seminars, talks, symposiums, etc. Have keen, sharp mind for research 确定实验设计(1) Should have basic knowledge about experimental design and statistics Always think how you will do data analyses (e.g., statistics) beforehand Should write a brief, preparatory report This report should include the following information: 确定实验设计(2) What you want to investigate (i.e., the big issue) What other people have done (what methods they used, what they found, are there any conflicts or controversies, are there any problems associated with these studies) What questions you want to address in your study; how is your study related to the previous ones; why your study is better than the previous ones 确定实验设计(2) What are the basic designs and tasks you will use; why your design can tackle the questions you raised (the logic link between the potential