浙江大学兰氏化学手册Section1OrganicCompounds.doc

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浙江大学兰氏化学手册Section1OrganicCompounds.doc

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浙江大学兰氏化学手册Section1OrganicCompounds

SECTION1 ORGANICCOMPOUNDS 1.1NOMENCLATUREOFORGANICCOMPOUNDS1.1 1.1.1NonfunctionalCompounds1.1 Table1.1NamesofStraight-ChainAlkanes1.2 Table1.2FusedPolycyclicHydrocarbons1.8 Table1.3SpecialistNomenclatureforHeterocyclicSystems1.11 Table1.4Suf?xesforSpecialistNomenclatureofHeterocyclicSystems1.12 Table1.5TrivialNamesofHeterocyclicSystemsSuitableforUseinFusion Names1.13 Table1.6TrivialNamesforHeterocyclicSystemsThatAreNotRecommended forUseinFusionNames1.16 1.1.2FunctionalCompounds1.17 Table1.7CharacteristicGroupsforSubstitutiveNomenclature1.18 Table1.8CharacteristicGroupsCitedOnlyasPre?xesinSubstitutive Nomenclature1.19 Table1.9FunctionalClassNamesUsedinRadicofunctionalNomenclature1.22 1.1.3Speci?cFunctionalGroups1.23 Table1.10RetainedTrivialNamesofAlcoholsandPhenolswithStructures1.24 Table1.11NamesofSomeCarboxylicAcids1.30 Table1.12ParentStructuresofPhosphorus-ContainingCompounds1.36 1.1.4Stereochemistry1.39 1.1.5 ChemicalAbstracts IndexingSystem1.49 Table1.13NamesandFormulasofOrganicRadicals1.51 1.2PHYSICALPROPERTIESOFPURESUBSTANCES1.58 Table1.14EmpiricalFormulaIndexofOrganicCompounds1.58 Table1.15PhysicalConstantsofOrganicCompounds1.74 1.1NOMENCLATUREOFORGANICCOMPOUNDS Thefollowingsynopsisofrulesfornamingorganiccompoundsandtheexamplesgiveninexpla- nationarenotintendedtocoverallthepossiblecases.Foramorecomprehensiveanddetailed description,seeJ.RigaudyandS.P.Klesney,NomenclatureofOrganicChemistry,SectionsA,B, C,D,E,F,andH,PergamonPress,Oxford,1979.Thispublicationcontainstherecommendations oftheCommissiononNomenclatureofOrganicChemistryandwaspreparedundertheauspicesof theInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC). 1.1.1NonfunctionalCompounds Alkanes.Thesaturatedopen-chain(acyclic)hydrocarbonshavenamesending(CH)n2n?2 in-ane.The?rstfourmembershavethetrivialnamesmethane(CH4),ethane(CH3CH3orC2H6), propane(C3H8),andbutane(C4H10).Fortheremainderofthealkanes,the?rstportionofthename DEAN#37261(McGHP)RIGHTINTERACTIVE topofpage 1.1 baseofDF short standard 1.2 SECTION1 i