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Relevent background information About euthanasia: the word originated from the Greek language: eu--“good” and thanasia--death Now it refers to mercy killing, or intentionally ending the life of someone who is hopelessly sick or injured in order to save them from suffering. Euthanasia is a complex issue with many underlying theological, sociological, religious and moral aspects. It is heavily Euthanasia is classified according to whether a person gives informed consent into three types: voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary.There is a debate within the medical and bioethics literature about whether or not the non-voluntary (and by extension, involuntary) killing of patients can be regarded as euthanasia, irrespective of intent or the patients circumstances. Voluntary euthanasia Euthanasia conducted with the consent of the patient is termed voluntary euthanasia. Active voluntary euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Passive voluntary euthanasia is legal throughout the U.S. per Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health. When the patient brings about his or her own death with the assistance of a physician, the term assisted suicide is often used instead. Assisted suicide is legal in Switzerland and the U.S. states of Oregon, Washington and Montana. Non-voluntary euthanasia Euthanasia conducted where the consent of the patient is unavailable is termed non-voluntary euthanasia. Examples include child euthanasia, which is illegal worldwide but decriminalised under certain specific circumstances in the Netherlands under the Groningen Protocol. Involuntary euthanasia Euthanasia conducted against the will of the patient is termed involuntary euthanasia. 安乐死是70年代以来国内外医学界、哲学界和伦理学界讨论最为热烈的问题之一，至今尚未取得一致的意见。“安乐死”来源于希腊文，意思是无痛苦的、幸福的死亡。它包括两层含义，一是无痛苦的死亡，安然的去世；二是无痛致死术，为结束患者的痛苦而采取致死的措施。 对安乐死的理解有广义和狭义之分。广义的理解包括一切因为“健康”的原因致死，任其死亡和自杀；狭义的理解则把安乐死局限于对患有不治之症的病人或死亡已经开始的病人，不再采取人工的方法延长其死亡过程，为制止剧烈疼痛的折磨不得不采用可能加速死亡的药物。安乐死可分为被动与主动、自愿与非自愿安乐死。被动安乐死是消极的安乐死，停止治疗和