造纸系统中的微生物及其控制.pptVIP

有机溴化物 影响杀菌剂使用效果的因素 添加浓度 （杀菌试验） 添加点 （根据目的而定） 接触时间 杀菌剂的杀菌谱: 一种杀菌剂所能杀灭的微生物种类的多少 如何评估一个杀菌剂应用方案的效果？ 微生物引起的问题是否得到改善: - 腐浆沉积物情况 - 腐浆引起的断纸、纸病 - 系统中微生物的数量 纸机运行效率 - 由腐浆引起的停机 处理成本合理 杀菌剂使用与清洗的关系 在开放系统中任何杀菌剂都无法彻底杀灭所有微生物 使用杀菌剂的目的是减轻或延缓，而不能根除由微生物引起的问题，如腐浆 3. 即使使用了杀菌剂，仍需进行定期清洗 4. 日常清洁卫生工作对减轻微生物问题的作用甚至超过杀菌剂 谢 谢！ Fundamentals of Microbiology Fundamentals of Microbiology Control of Microorganisms Factors affecting growth rate of microorganisms - Oxygen - pH - temperature - Moisture - sunlight - nutrients - Biocides/Biostats Bacteria smallest group transparent viewed directly under microscope stain is required to view size, structure, shape, arrangement high magnification - 1000 X Bacterial Morphology size shape spherical rod-shape spiral-shape arrangement single diplo- strepto- tetra- staphylo- Physical requirements Temperature Thermophyle - 45-60 Mesophyle - 25-40 Psychrophyle - 0-20 Air Aerobic Anaerobic Facultative anaerobic Microaerobic pH 4-9 Opti. 6.5-7.5 Water aquatic 95-99% water Nutrients Energy C N S Trace Water Reproduction of Bacteria Binary fission Generation time Environment Bacteria Summary smallest group most heterotrophic grow over wide T grow under wide pH aerobic/anaerobic/both any metabolic activity endospore capsule Fungi plant-like no root, stem, leaves heterotrophic filamentous (branch) or unicellular larger than bacteria true fungi yeast True fungi spores Conidia---tip of hyphae Sporangiospore--within a sac: sporangium Arthrospore--cell broken from hyphae True fungi --growth requirements T - opti. 22-30 Air - obligate aerobic pH - opti. 5-6 water - less than bacteria True fungi Metabolism Heterotrophic two types Saprophytes Parasites True fungi--Reproduction sexual; asexual; combination of fission budding spore formation Fungi Summary Need organi