07年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题三.doc

07年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题三 Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points) It can, of course, be argued that though the vast majority of people contribute to the funds of social security equally, working-class persons are more likely to receive social security ben efits than upper-class persons. This is true for those benefits which can be 1 as being for forms of diswelfare , to use Titmuss’s term, i. e. a form of monetary 2 for the hardship they suffer through the 3 of the social and economic system benefits for industrial disa bility, unemployment and illness 4 supplementary benefit. It is not, 5 , true of re tirement __6__and they 7 account for at least half the expenditure of social security widely 8 . Since retirement pensions are paid to all who have paid the necessary number of 9 they involve a negative form of vertical redistribution of income from the poor to the rich 10 retired persons of higher income groups live longer than those of lower income groups. This is 11 crucial importance because all the studies 12 have examined the question of the redistributive effects of social security 13 a limited income period at most during a period of twelve months. It is not surprising therefore 14 they reached the con clusion that social security benefits the poor at the 15 of the rich. Had they examined the question over a much longer period, 16 over the whole life cycle, they 17 reached a different conclusion. If one also takes into 18 the fact that 19 benefits for re tirement, widowhood and sickness strongly 20 the middle and upper classes, then the combined operation of the State and occupational benefits over the entire life cycle involves a negative form of vertical redistribution of income. 1. recorded nominated registered classed 2. compensation agreement consolation allowance 3. mechanism operation procedure ap