第一讲 动词的时态和语态.pptVIP

* Tense, Aspect and Voice 动词的时态和语态 ①表示客观事实或真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100oC. ②表示现状、性质、状态 He is very happy. ③表示经常或习惯性的动作 He goes to school on foot every day. ④表示状态和感觉：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、like、hate、want、think、 seem等。如： Ice feels cold. Some teenagers like cosplay very much. （1）一般现在时 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. ⑥以here, there 开头的句子常用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 Here comes the bus! ⑦在体育解说、故事叙述、戏剧（电影）的说明和新闻标题中常用一般现在时。 ①表示过去的事情、动作或状态 I met her in the street yesterday. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t. ②用于表达过去的习惯。如： They never drank wine. I used to smoke too much. Cf. be used to sth./ doing 习惯于 （2）一般过去时 ①表示未来的动作或状态。 He will be back in a few days. ②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。 We’ll die without air or water. ③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时和一般现在时表示将来时。 He is leaving tomorrow. Would you go to the airport to see him off with me? （3）一般将来时 B) be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如： If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确) If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误) ④be going to与will / shall的区别： A) be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑或准备；或表示很有可能即将发生某事。 The performance is going to start at seven thirty. It is going to rain. shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。 ⑤be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon. You are not to cheat in the examination. ⑥be about to do sth.表示“即将，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 Autumn harvest is about to start. ①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划. 如： It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. ②进行时与always, continually, constantly等副词连用，往往带有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情色彩。 （4）现在进行时 He is always thinking of others