沥青路面水泥稳定就地冷再生基层质量检验评定标准精选.docVIP

沥青路面水泥稳定就地冷再生基层质量检验评定标准 Six Sigma 六西格玛 A popular way for managers to put quality management into effect 管理者有效实施质量管理的途径 This is an approach to quality improvement based on the statistical work of Joseph Juran, one of two American pioneers of quality management in Japan1. Sigma is a Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, a statistical measure of the extent to which a series of numbers or readings deviates from its mean. One Sigma indicates a wide scattering of the readings. If the mean is the required quality standard of a particular process or product, then One Sigma quality is not very good. The higher the number, the closer the readings come to total perfection. At the Six Sigma level, there are only 3.4 defects per million. 这一方法是由约瑟夫??朱兰的统计结论发展而来，朱兰是将质量管理理念引入日本的两位先驱者中的一员。西格玛（σ）是一个希腊字母，表示数学里的标准差，即一系列数字偏离其均值的程度。一西格玛（σ）就表示这些产品（流程）的质量不如人意。西格玛（σ）的值越大，产品的合格率就越高。6西格玛（6σ）就表示次品率为3.4/100万。 This may sound complicated, but in practice it has proved a popular way for managers to put quality management into effect. One of its great advantages is that it eschews the idea of aiming for “zero defects”, or total perfection—a dauntingly inaccessible goal for most. It presents a system for improving quality gradually. Companies or operational groups move step-by-step up the Sigma ladder, the ultimate goal being to reach the Six Sigma state—still just short of perfection. Reasonably unsophisticated computer programs do the necessary calculations when fed with data on the goals (the specifications of the perfect product or process) and the organisation’s actual achievements. 乍听起来似乎有些晦涩难懂，但实践证明这的确是管理者施行质量管理的一种有效途径。这种方法有一个重要的特征就是它并非追求产品一次性达到零缺陷或全部合格的水平，因为这几乎是不可能实现的。它追求的是产品质量的逐步提高，企业循序渐进地提高产品的西格玛值，最终达到6西格玛（σ）的水平（但这也不代表所生产的产品全部合格）。他们将目标数据（合格产品的标准数据）和企业所生产出的产品的实际数据输入电脑程序，得出最终结果。 Six Sigma sounds like some sort of secret coven. Its advocates insist that it is no such thing. But it has certain attributes of the exclusive society. Anyone in an organisation who goes on a