汽车发动机保养及常见故障分析与维修.docVIP

汽车发动机的保养及常见故障分析维修 目录 一． 前言··············································1 1. 汽车发动机维护与保养的必要性·····················1 2. 发动机的历史（四大突破）··························1 二. 汽车发动机的组成和分类 ···························2 (1) 曲柄连杆机构····································3 （2）配气机构·········································4 （3）燃料供给·········································4 三. 汽车发动机的维护和保养······························4 1．汽车发动机常见的故障原因··························5 （1）不按期保养·······································5 （2）机油变质及机滤芯不畅·····························5 （3）空气滤芯堵塞·····································5 （4）进气管道过脏·····································5 （5）曲轴箱泥过多·····································5 （6）燃油系统保养不善·································6 （7）生锈、结垢·······································6 （8）冷却系统不良·····································6 2．汽车发动机维护和保养的常见内容·······················6 （1）使用适量等级的润滑油·····························6 （2）定期更换机油滤芯·································6 （3）保持曲轴箱通风良好·······························7 （4）定期清洗曲轴箱···································7 （5）定期清洗燃油系统·································7 （6）定期保养水箱·····································7 （7）定期检查冷却系统·································8 四．结束语··············································9 五．参考文献············································9 六．毕业论文成绩评定表··································10 摘要 发动机是汽车的心脏，为汽车的行走提供动力，汽车的动力性、经济性、环保性。简单讲发动机就是一个能量转换机构，即将汽油(柴油)的热能，通过在密封汽缸内燃烧气体膨胀时，推动活塞作功，转变为机械能，这是发动机最基本原理。 关键词 发动机 保养 故障 维修 前言 发动机维护与保养是一项非常重要的工作，做得好，不仅能使发动机安全运转，而且可以延长使用寿命。因此，在作业前后，要按规定对发动机进行检查、保养。在作业过程中，也应随时注意发动机运行中有无不正常情况发生，如杂音、异味、振动等，以便对问题作到及时发现，及时解决，避免由于较小故障的恶化，造成严重的后果。同时，维护与技术保养搞得好，也可以延长发动机的大、中修周期，充分发挥其效能。 1.1汽车发动机维护与保养的必要性 简单讲发动机就是一个能量转换机构，即将汽油(柴油)的热能，通过在密封汽缸内燃烧气体膨胀时，推动活塞作功，转变为机械能，是汽车的核心部件之一，由于高负荷、高参数，发动机的工况条件更加苛刻，引起发动机机件的损伤和失效，从而影响发动机的可靠运行。如长时间不更换汽油，会由于机械部分摩擦产生的碎屑对滤清器造成堵塞，造成油路的不畅通而导致发动机的性能。所以，定期对汽车发动机的保养与维护能提高的发动机的各个性能指标，从而保证了发动机能在良好的状态下工作。 发动机在一段时间后，机油会变质，因为发动机的废气串入机油中，机油会变酸性，还有一段时间后，发动机的沉淀会在机油中，有很多杂质，如果不换，这样会加剧发动机的磨损，所以要换，汽车是要靠保养的，才能使用更