语言学的重要区分.pptVIP

Important Distinctions in Linguistics;Contents;Descriptive vs Perscriptive;Examples;Synchronic vs Diachronic;共时语言学就是研究一种或多种语言在其历史发展中的某一阶段的情况，即语言状态(language state)，而不考虑这种状态究竟如何演化而来,又称静态语言学(static linguistics). 历时语言学集中研究语言在较长历史时期所经历的变化，又称演化语言学（evolutionary linguistics） historical Linguistics. ;Examples;Synchronic study---- description of a language at some point of time (modern linguistics) Diachronic study---- description of a language through time (historical development of language over a period of time) ;Langue vs Parole;Explaination; Langue and Parole;Examples;However,we still live in this real world,and when we live,work,and study,in most of those occasions,we always need communication. The words we use is called Parole.;Competence and performance;Differences: Saussure took a sociological view of language and his notion of langue is a matter of social conventions, Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual. ;Examples;Speech vs Writing;Why speech is prior to writing?;Thank U!!!!