油田酸化缓蚀剂的研究进展.pdf

表面技术 第45 卷 第 8 期 ·80 · SURFACE TECHNOLOGY 2016 年08 月 油田酸化缓蚀剂的研究进展 李丛妮 （陕西省石油化工研究设计院，西安 710054 ） 摘 要：在石油勘探开发过程中，随着开采的不断深入，开采环境越来越复杂，开采效率越来越低。 油气井酸化可以显著提高油气采收率，但同时加剧了设备的腐蚀，为适应这一现状，开发油气井酸化 缓蚀剂非常迫切。介绍了国内油田酸化缓蚀剂的研究现状，主要从酸化缓蚀剂的种类、缓蚀机理、发 展趋势等方面进行了阐述。对目前缓蚀效果良好并已广泛应用的曼尼希碱、咪唑啉类、季铵盐型缓蚀 剂做了重点阐述，从物理吸附、化学吸附、π 键吸附三个方面研究了缓蚀剂的吸附机理，并从分子结构 出发，分析了这几类常用缓蚀剂的作用机理，同时对以后的研究工作提出了看法和建议。指出了今后酸 化缓蚀剂的研究方向，是开发从天然物质中提取，环境友好且耐高温、耐浓酸的复合型长效缓蚀剂。 关键词：酸化缓蚀剂；油气井酸化；曼尼希碱；季铵盐；缓蚀机理 中图分类号：TG174.42 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2016)08-0080-07 DOI ：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2016.08.014 Research Progress of Oil Acidizing Corrosion Inhibitor LI Cong-ni (Shaanxi Research Design Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Xi ′an 710054, China) ABSTRACT: Along with deepened oil exploration and development, the mining environment has become more and more complicated and the mining efficiency become even more inefficient. Oil and gas well acidizing can significantly improve the recovery efficiency of oil and gas, but at the same time will worsen equipment corrosion. In order to adapt to this situation, the development of oil and gas well acidizing corrosion inhibitor is very urgent. This paper introduced the research status of oilfield acidizing corrosion inhibitor in China mainly from the types, corrosion mechanism and development trend of acidification cor- rosion inhibitor, etc. It emphasized the corrosion inhibitors which had good corrosion effect and had been used widely, such as mannich base, imidazolines, quaternary ammonium sal