英语国家概况UK2.pptVIP

Earliest Settlers 5000 BC – 55 BC The Iberians (伊比利亚人): from the Iberian Peninsula (now Spain) at about 3000 BCdark-haired the Stonehenge (巨石阵) → The Beaker Folk (比克人): from Holland and the Rhineland at about 2000 BC The Celts (凯尔特人): from eastern and central Europe from 700 BCfair-hairedBrythons → Britain Roman Britain 55 BC – AD 410 Julius Caesar’s (凯撒) two invasions of Britainin 55 and 54 BCtemporary The Emperor Claudius (克劳狄): successful invasionin AD 43 Never a total occupationthe Hadrians Wall → The Roman impact was limited. a network of roads, still in use for 1400 years; a number of towns: London, York, and others bearing Latin suffix –caster or –chester (Lancaster, Winchester); Christianity; water and sewage (排水) systems. In 410, Germanic barbarians attacked Rome, forcing the Romans to pull out from Britain to defend their own nation. The Anglo-Saxons 446—871 Germanic people (日耳曼人) : Jutes, Saxons, Angles “Angle” land → England Heptarchy (七国): 600—800 →Northumbria, Mercia, Kent, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex and Wessex The Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic (日耳曼的，德意志的) religion The names Tuesday, Wednesday , Thursday and Friday derive from the Teutonic gods. Christianity: In 597, Pope Gregory Ⅰ(格列高利一世) sent St. Augustine (圣奥古斯丁) to England. missionaries (传教士) 坎特伯雷(Canterbury)大教堂 The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. shires farming system the manorial (庄园) system → toward feudalism (封建制度) the Witan (the basis of the Privy Council枢密院) The Viking and Danish Invasions The Norwegian Vikings (威金人/北欧海盗) and the Danes from Denmark Alfred, King of Wessex (871—899) came to an agreement with the Danes. the Danelaw (丹麦区) Alfred the Great founded a strong fleet and reorganized the Saxon army learned Latin at the age of 40, and encouraged learning in others King Edward (1042—1066) The Norman Conquest (1066) When King Edward died in 1066 with no child, four men laid claim to the throne of England.The Witan (贤人会议) chose th