HND--经济学导论 标答3.docVIP

Outcome(s) covered 3 Assessment task instructions Read the following passage and answer the questions. Governments are concerned when markets fail and often intervene. This is particularly important when public and merit goods are involved. Recently the UK government intervened in two particular cases. The first case involved supermarkets; the second, TV companies. A decision by government to allow Morrisons to bid to take over Safeway involved them blocking rival bids by Tesco, Sainsbury, and ASDA. At the same time, they allowed the merger of Carlton and Granada to go ahead. This created a company, which would have a substantial share of the market. There were rumours that this new consortium would, in the near future, possibly take over the Scottish, Grampian and Border TV stations leading to a ‘monopoly’ situation with one large ITV company for the whole of the UK. The UK government is committed to competition but there seem to be occasions when it allows a dominant force in a market. Government uses several different policies to cope with market failure and often has to address the problem of externalities. London has recently introduced a congestion charge and Edinburgh Council is considering something similar in order to reduce the use of private cars in these cities. The Green Party has long held a policy to reduce traffic congestion by advocating greater use of public transport. These policies are designed to address negative externalities. With global warming a major concern for the future, there appears to be greater pressure on government to intervene in market failure. 政府担心，当市场失败，并经常干预。涉及公共和优点货物时，这一点尤为重要。?最近，英国政府在两个特殊情况下进行干预。第一宗个案涉及的超市;第二，电视制作公司。?一个由政府决定允许莫里森申办接管的Safeway参与其中，乐购，塞恩斯伯里和阿斯达阻止对手的出价。?与此同时，他们允许卡尔顿酒店和格拉纳达的合并继续。这创建了一个公司，这将有大量的市场份额。有传言称，这一新的财团将在不久的将来，有可能接管苏格兰，嘉林边和边境的电视领先的一个大ITV的整个英国的公司站到了“垄断”的局面。?英国政府致力于竞争，但似乎有情况时，它允许在市场的主导力量。?政府使用几种不同的政策，以应付市场失灵，而且往往解决外部性问题。伦敦最近推出了交通拥堵费和爱丁堡理事会正在考虑类似的东西，以减少在