地黄花部综合特征与繁育系统研究.doc

(地黄花部综合特征与繁育系统研究 摘要：对地黄生物学特征及繁育系统的研究有利于提高其繁殖效率及新品种培育。运用杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比、套袋实验等方法，对地黄花部综合特征及繁育系统进行研究。结果表明：地黄花期4~6月，单花花期5~7d，单株花期10~20d，群体花期约60d，群体盛花期约25d，集中在4月15日~5月10日。开花当天，花药已散粉，柱头尚未完全成熟；雄蕊短于花柱，花药与柱头相差2~5mm，呈现时空分离。在开花过程中，有蜜腺分泌蜜汁，柱头扩大2枚片状并分泌粘液，花朵颜色由深变浅。单花花期依照其形态变化分为6个时期：花蕾期、初花期、盛花期、末花期、结实期和果实成熟期。地黄人工异花授粉、自然授粉和人工自花授粉的结实率分别为76.67%、28.33%和6.67%。杂交指数（OCI）为5，花粉/胚珠比（P/O）为272.8，根据Dafni(1992)和Cruden(1977)的标准，其繁育系统属于异交，部分自交亲和，需要传粉者。 关键词：地黄；杂交系数；花粉胚珠比；繁育系统 Floral Syndrome and Breeding System of Rehmannia glutinosaAbstract:Knowledge of floral syndrome and breeding system is important for improving the efficiency of breeding and breeding new varieties of plants. The flowering dynamics and breeding system of Rehmannia glutinosa were studied by using the data of out-crossing index (OCI), pollen-ovule ratio(P/O), bagging experiment. The main results are as follows: the flowering stage is about 60 days from April to June. The life span of one flower was approximately 5~7 days and the flowering stage for individual plant was 10~20 days. The majority of plants kept blooming in 15th April to 10th May, about 25 days. When the petals opened, the anther began scattering pollen, the stigma is not fully mature; the stamen was about 2~5 mm shorter than the style, present spatial isolation. During Flowering, the nectary exudes nectar, stigma expand two pieces with mucus, Flower color change from deep to shallow. The single flowers flowering stage is divided into six periods according to morphologic change: bud stage, early flowering stage, flowering stage, wilting stage, bearing stage and fruit ripening stage. The setting rate of artificial cross-pollination, free pollination and artificial self-pollination is 76.67%, 28.33% and 6.67% respectively. The out-crossing index is 5 and pollen-ovule ratio is 272.8. The results showed that the breeding system was out-crossing, partly self-compatible, demand for pollinators. Key words：Rehmannia glutinosa; out-crossing index; pollen-ovule ratio; breeding sy