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Comer, Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, 3e Chapter 1 Handouts Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present What is abnormal psychology? The scientific study of _______________ in order to ________ , ________ , ________ , and ________ abnormal patterns of __________ Workers may be: ______________________________ ______________________________ What Is Psychological Abnormality? Many definitions have been proposed, yet none are universally accepted Most definitions, however, share some common features… “The Four Ds” Deviance – ______________________________ Distress – ______________________________ Dysfunction – ______________________________ Danger – ______________________________ Deviance From what? From behaviors, thoughts, and emotions considered normal in a specific place and time and by specific people ______________________________ Stated and unstated rules for proper conduct in a given society or culture Examples? Judgments of deviance also depend on specific circumstances (i.e., _________________) Distress According to many clinical guidelines, behavior must be _______________ before it can be labeled abnormal Not always the case Examples? Dysfunction Abnormal behavior tends to be dysfunctional – it interferes with daily functioning Culture has an influence on determinations of dysfunction as well Dysfunction alone does not mean abnormality Danger Abnormal behavior may become dangerous to oneself or others Behavior may be careless, hostile, or confused Although cited as a feature of psychological abnormality, _______________________ __________________________________ The Elusive Nature of Abnormality Ultimately, a society selects the general criteria for defining abnormality and then uses those criteria to judge particular cases Szasz argues that, because of the influence of culture, the whole concept of mental illness is invalid Deviations called “abnormal” are only “___________” Societies use the concept of mental