英语句法总结.docVIP

一、祈使句和感叹句 ?No doing!(动名词或名次) ?No photos! ?No smoking! 祈使句的反意疑问句： ?Let’s go to school,shell we? ?Let us go to cinema,will you? ?Let him have breakfast,will you? 几种变换句式： ?Love the others,and you will be loved. ?If you love the others,you will be loved. ?Study hard,or you will fall behind. ?1：If you don’t study hard, you will fall behind. ?2：If you study hard, you will not fall behind. 二、宾语从句 宾语从句中的主语人称变化口诀： 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新 一随主： ?She said “I want to go with me.” ?She said she wanted to go with her. 二随宾：从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 ?He said to Kate“How is your sister now?” ?He asked Kate how her sister was then。 第三人称不更新： ?Mr Smith said“Jack is a good worker。” ?Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 主句和从句的时态：主过从必过！ ★直接引语变间接引语时态不变的几种情况： 1.直接引语是客观真理 ? “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”the teacher told me。 ?The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 2.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 ?Jack said“John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” ?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 3.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 ?Xiao Wang said“I was born on April 2l, 1980.” ?Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 4.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 ?He said“I get up at six every morning.” ?He said he gets up at six every morning. 5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例：could, should, would, might)不再变。 ?Peter said“You had better come that today.” ?Peter said I had better go there that day. 直接引语变间接引语，宾语从句中的状语和代词变换： now－then the day－that day yesterday－the day before this－that these－those ★如何变句型： 1.直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 ?She said“Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” ?She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 2. 直接引语如果是反义疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。 ?He said“Can you swim, John?” ?He asked John if(whether) he could swim. 3.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述