Amino Glycosides：氨基糖苷类.doc

Anti-infectives (Antibiotics, Anti-viral, Antifungal) Antibiotics are drugs used to kill or harm specific bacteria. Antibiotics were discovery in the 1930s; since then antibiotics have cured diseases caused by bacteria such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and meningitis - saving the lives of millions of people around the world. But antibiotics must be used wisely. Because bacteria are living organisms, they are always changing in an effort to resist the drugs that can kill them. When antibiotics are used incorrectly, bacteria can adapt and become resistant. Antibiotics are then no longer useful in fighting them. Antibiotic resistance is now a major public health issue. The correct use of these drugs is the best way to ensure that antibiotics remain useful in treating infections. Antibiotics can be either primarily bacteristatic or primarily bactericidal. Bacteristatic drugs include: sulphonamides, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin (low concentration), PAS (sodium aminosalicylate), lincomycin, clindamycin and fusidic acid; while bactericidal antibiotics include: penicillin, cephalosporin, aminglycosidees. Co-trimazole, erythromycin (high concentration), isoniazide, rifampicin and vancomycin. Proper antibiotic is chosen according to site of infection and the susceptible organism invading that site; accordingly the dose and duration of treatment is specified . Refer to table 1 (Antimicrobial Drugs of Choice) In the following study antibiotics are classified into eleven groups: amonglycosides, cephalosporin (1st, 2nd, 3rd generation), lincosamides, macrolides (erythromycin, spiramycin), nitroimidazole, penicillin (penicillin A, penicillin M, penicillin IV, penicillin combined with β lactactamase), quinolones, cycline (doxycycline, tetracycline, lymeccline, minocyclin), sulfonamide with trimethoprim, antituberculosis. Although phenicol (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol…) used to play an important role in treating diseases, the following study will not focus on th