传感器实训——声光双控开关设计.docVIP

摘 要 在学校、机关及厂矿的公共场所和居民居住区的公共楼道里普遍使用的都是机械手动开关。由于机械手动开关经常被人为拨动，致使用了一段时间后就开始出现各种各样的原因使许多灯泡点亮长明的现象，这样既缩短了灯泡的寿命，又浪费了国家的电量，为国家、单位、个人造成了很多的经济损失。另外，由于频繁开关或其他的人为因素，墙壁开关的损坏率很高，既增大了维修量、浪费了资金，又容易造成事故隐患。所以，应该要改善一下这种现象，设计一种既安全又简单方便的新型墙壁开关，为消除事故隐患做足准备。 本设计研究的是一种利用声、光双重控制功能的无触点开关。开关控制电路主要由声控部分、光控部分和延时处理部分组成。白天光控电路对外界光亮程度进行检测，由于光亮程度较强，光敏二极管呈现小电阻使开关呈现截止状态，无论多大的声音干扰也不能将灯点亮，从而实现白天灯不亮。晚上或遇到阴天，光敏二极管感受到较暗的光强度并输出较大的电阻使开关呈现导通状态，遇到声响时，通过声控电路使灯自动点亮，并实现延时，从而实现自动控制。而且对于声音感知的灵敏度和对光强度感知的灵敏度以及延时时间能够调节，即可以人为的设定延时时间。 这种开关特别适用于住宅楼、办公楼楼道、走廊、仓库、地下室及厕所等公共场所的照明灯的自动控制，是一种集声、光、延时于一体的既节电又方便的自动控制开关。 关键词：声光控；灵敏度；延时；信号放大； Abstract In schools, offices and factories and public places and residents of residential areas in the public corridor in common use are mechanical manual switch. Due to mechanical manual switch is often people pick, with that for a time began to appear all sorts of reasons why many bulb light long out of the phenomenon, such already shorten the life of the bulb, and a waste of the national power, for the country, unit and individual caused a lot of economic loss. In addition, due to frequent switch or other man-made factors, the walls of the switch damage rate is very high, not only increase the quantity, waste money maintenance, and easy to cause the hidden danger of accident. So, to improve the this kind of phenomenon, design a kind of both safe and simple to new type wall switch, to eliminate hidden dangers of accidents do ready. The design of the study is a use of sound and light dual control functions of non-contact switch. Switch control circuit mainly by the sonic part, electric parts and delay processing parts. During the day to the outside of light electric circuit testing, because of light and strong, photosensitive diode present little resistance to make the switch the present state, no matter how old sound interference and not to be light, so as to realize the bright lights during the day. Night or meet a cloudy day, photosensitive diode feel darker light intensity and output