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The effect of bioaugmentation on the performance of sequencing batch reactor and sludge characteristics in the treatment process of papermaking wastewater Wang?Hailei1?, Liu?Guosheng1, 2, Li?Ping3 and Pan?Feng2 (1)College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China (2)Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, China (3)Department of Biology, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China Abstract In this paper, the differences between reinforced sequencing batch reactor, which was inoculated with superior mixed flora, and conventional sequencing batch reactor were compared in the process of treating papermaking wastewater under similar conditions. The results showed that the addition of superior mixed flora could not only shorten the sludge acclimation time, but also improve the treatment efficiency of reactor as well as make the reactor have higher ability to withstand high volume loading rate; the phenomenon of aerobic granulation only occurred in reinforced sequencing batch reactor, and superior mixed flora were the key reason that aerobic granular sludge could shape; aerobic granular sludge had many advantages over conventional activated sludge such as it possessed compacter microbial structure, better settling performance, and lower water content. Keywords Bioaugmentation?-?Superior mixed flora?-?Papermaking wastewater?-?Aerobic granular sludge?-?SBR Introduction Bioaugmentation is a kind of new method through which the removal performance of wastewater treatment system can be improved by seeding superior microorganisms that have higher ability to degrade the main ingredient of wastewater to reactor. According to Rittman and Whiteman [1], bioaugmentation is considered to have the potentiality for industrial applications. Many researchers have reported the application of bioaugmentation in environmental pollutants removing and water pollution control [2, 3]. Aerobic granulation is a self-immobilizat