(精选)韵律学和英语的韵律结构Prosody and English Prosodic Structure课件.pptVIP

These should be familiar to us by now: normal speech we hear pitch move up and down in some non-random way, providing speech with recognizable melodical properties. We also hear that segments or syllables are shortened or lengthened, apparently in accordance with some underlying pattern. We hear that some syllables or words are made to sound more prominent than others, that the stream of words is subdivided by the speaker into phrases made up of words that seem to belong together, and that, one level higher up, these phrases can be made to sound as if they relate to one another, or, alternatively, as if they have nothing to do with each other. The functions of intonation in English:Syntactic structure When danger threatens your children call the police When danger threatens your children call the police Some functions of intonation Aspects of syntactic structure (phrasing, resolution of structural ambiguities) (Possibly) language universal Characterizing intonation Abstract contours can be described as a string of categorically distinct elements: target pitches (pitch accents). Pitch accents associate with stressed syllables in words in context. ToBI A system for characterizing English intonation in terms of target pitches. Intonational phrase Tone: H* H*L-L% Segmental: We know a man in our area Tone: H* L*H-H% Segmental: We know a man in our area? Th a t ones for M a r i a nna. H* L- L+H* L-L% Th a t ones for M a r i a nna. Summary Intonation: the high end of prosodic structure Functions of intonation: Meaning, information structure Syntactic structure (disambiguation) Characterizing intonation ToBI: abstract contours sequences of accents Back to Prosodic structure Pitch accents and boundary tones of the ToBI system are used to define precisely the higher levels of prosodic structure in