《语言学教程》chapter-3-Morphology.pptVIP

Preview questions 1. How are English consonants classified? 2. How are English Vowels classified? 3. What are phonemes and allophones? Morphology The system of language Key points Definition of morphology Definition of morphemes Classifications of morphemes The formation of words 3.1 Definition of a word A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. Zhang Weiyou (1999) a minimum free form Stability --internal structure (can’t rearrange) relative uninterruptibility --internal structure (can’t insert) 3.1 Classification of words(1) Basic word stock non-basic vocabulary Content words functional words Native words borrowed words variable words invariable words open-class words closed-class words traditional parts of speech additional four categories Classification of words (2) variable words invariable words (variability) —variable words: the words whose form is changeable, words which might appear in different inflective and derivative forms, v. n. --invariable words: the words whose form is unchangeable, words which usually occur in the same form such as: since, in, for, of, at, on Classification of words (3) open-class words closed-class words (membership) --open-class words: membership is unlimited, n. v. (economic words, scientific words.) --closed-class words: membership is comparatively limited. Pronouns, conj, prep. Articles. Classification of words (4) traditional parts of speech additional four categories --traditional parts of speech: N. v. adj. Adv. Prep. Conj. Interj.Article Additional four categories Particles : 小品词 infinite maker ‘to’, negative maker ‘not’, subordinate units in verbal phrases. Auxiliaries: 助词(助动词、情态动词) Pro-form 代词形式 pro-v. pro-adj. e.g. He likes the animal, so do i. e.g. The desk is white, so is the chair. Determiners 限定词 ‘the’, ‘a’, ‘some’, ‘all’ e.g. ‘all the bea