如何提出一个论文题目或研究问题.pptVIP

971研究方法課程第六次上課必讀教材導讀如何提出一個論文題目或研究問題 政治大學資訊管理系 李昌雄 E-mail: design2learn@ 教學網站 .tw/moodle/ 研究循環與鑽石模型 研究論文的論述架構 現象與問題﹝研究動機與問題﹞ 搜尋及批判文獻中已有的答案﹝研究背景或文獻探討﹞ 大膽假設或延伸已有的答案﹝理論假說或研究架構﹞ 以演繹或歸納的實徵方法來小心推論、求證或修正已有的答案﹝資料蒐集及分析討論﹞ 問題回答了沒有？我相信你的答案嗎？ ﹝結論﹞ 如何掌握一篇論文的重點從論文摘要辨識研究問題 Effective collaboration in computer-mediated settings among spatially distributed people is a precondition for success in many new learning and working contexts but it is hard to achieve. We have developed two instructional approaches to improve collaboration in such settings by promoting people’s capabilities to collaborate in a fruitful way and furthering their understanding of what characterizes good collaboration. The rationale is that strategies necessary for a good and effective computer-mediated collaboration may be conveyed to people by exposing them to an elaborated worked-out collaboration example (observational learning) or by giving them the opportunity to learn from scripted collaborative problem-solving. An experimental study was conducted that compared learning from observing a worked-out collaboration example with the learning effects of scripted collaborative problem-solving, the effects of unscripted collaborative problem-solving, and a control condition without a learning phase. The experimental design provided clearly separated phases for the instructional treatments (learning phase) and for applying and testing the acquired skills (application phase). Both observing a worked-out collaboration example and collaborating with a script during the learning phase showed positive effects on process and outcome of the second collaboration in the application phase. Source: Nikol Rummel and Hans Spada, “Learning to Collaborate: An Instructional Approach to Promoting Collaborative Problem Solving in Computer-Mediated Settings,” THE JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES, 2005, 14(2), 201–241. 導讀第六週教材 必讀教材 Van Dalen, D.B., Chapter 7 ‘Analysis of the problem,” in Understanding educational research: An