四级段落翻译概要.ppt

（一）在指南针发明以前，人们在茫茫大海上航行，只能靠太阳和星星的位置辨认方向，如果遇上雨天，就会迷失方向。是中国人发明的指南针帮助人们解决这个难题。指南针是指示方向的仪器。早在战国时期，中国人就发现了磁石指示南北的特性，并根据这种特性制成了指示方向的仪器——司南。到了宋代，人们制成了“罗盘”。指南针的发明，给航海事业带来了划时代的影响，世界航运史也由此翻开了新的一页。 Before the compass was invented, most people identified the direction at sea, only depending upon the position of the sun and stars. If it was cloudy or rainy, people would lose the direction in this way. It was the compass, invented by the Chinese people, that solved this problem. The compass is the instrument used for indicating direction. As early as the Warring States Period(475BC-221BC),the Chinese discovered that a magnet could be applied to indicate the south and north, and a direction-indicating instrument sinan was made on the basis of this feature. In the Song Dynasty, people created a proper compass called luopan. The invention of the compass had an epoch-making influence on navigation, thereby opening up a new era in the history of international navigation. （二）曲艺是各种说唱艺术的总称，是由古代民间的口头文学和说唱艺术发展演变形成的。它的主要艺术手段是用带有表演动作的说和唱来叙述故事、表达思想感想、反映社会生活。其中最为人们所喜闻乐见的曲艺形式是相声。中国的相声是以语言为主要表演手段的一种喜剧性曲艺艺术，它是在古代笑话和民间笑话的基础上发展起来的。现代的相声，是100多年前在北京和天津地区产生的。相声说的内容，大多数是我们生活中的事情。 Folk art is a general term for all kinds of talking and singing arts. It derived from oral literature, the talking and singing performances of ancient people. It refers primarily to storytelling accentuated by body movements to tell stories, express feelings and reflect the social conditions. The most popular type of folk art is comic dialogue. The Chinese comic dialogue is a kind of folk art with the “comic” dialogue as the main form of performance. It evolved on the basis of ancient folk jokes. Comic dialogue of today originated in Beijing and Tianjin over a century ago. Most of the comic dialogue stories come from daily life. (三)中国画是用毛笔、墨及颜料，在宣纸或绢上画出的画。中国画与中医、京剧一起，被誉为中国的“三大国粹”。中国画按内容分，主要有人物、山水画、花鸟画三大类。战国时，中国已经有了比较成熟的人物画，唐朝时达到了顶峰。山水画是表现山川美景的画种。花鸟画画的是自然界中的花卉、鸟兽、鱼虫。中国画是诗、书、画、印相结合的艺术。因此，它不仅能美化人们的生活，而且能给人们带来高雅的情趣和