社会医学（双语）第二章_医学模式教材教学课件.ppt

第二章 医学模式 ;内容Contents;一、医学模式概念及其演变;1.社会医学:模式Model in Social Medicine; 2. 医学模式 Medical Model;The role of Medical model ?;3. 医学模式的演变过程Evolution of Medical Model：;a.神灵主义医学模式Spiritualism medical modelHow to look at health and disease?;; b.自然哲学的医学模式Naturalistic philosophical medical; 世界是由什么组成的？What is the world made of?;阴和阳 相生相克;中医对疾病的看法TCM view of diseases;;　　致病的外因：external causes of diseases;自然哲学的医学模式－－西方世界Naturalistic philosophical medical; The role of Hippocrates on Modern Medicine;西方疾病学说：Western theory of diseases;Significance of Hippocrates;Significance of Hippocrates;The role of Hippocrates on Modern Medicine;c.机械论的医学模式Mechanistic Medical Model;背景Background;机械论的医学模式Mechanistic Medical Model R. Descartes 笛卡尔;笛卡尔的二元理论Dualistic Interaction of Body and Mind;代表人物及其主要观点：;; d. Biomedical model生物医学模式;生物医学模式下－－生命科学的大发展Boom of Life science　;Achievements under bio-medical model外科学三大难题被攻破; 巴斯德：细菌理论Pasteur : Germ Theory;魏尔啸：德国病理学家Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist;Ecological model of disease疾病生态模式;生物医学模式的成就与缺陷;Defects of biomedicine mode;二、现代医学模式 ;（一）产生背景 ;流行病学模式的转变 ;现代医学遭遇的困境;现代医学遭遇的困境--人口老龄化的巨大压力;我国人口的老龄化趋势;我国城市前五位死因谱的变化趋势;;现代医学遭遇的困境--传染病的新威胁; ;;;;（三）拉隆达和德威尔的综合健康医学模式（Comprehensive health medical model）;综合内因;（四）恩格尔：生物心理社会医学模式   Engel ： Bio－psycho－social medical model  ;George Engel, alternative to the limited, predominant biomedical model. Bio-medical-model, accounts for disease by its biochemical factors without considering social or psychological dimensions, separates mind from body. It is a reduced, myopic view. Emphasize the hierarchical, independent relationships of biological, individual, family, and community systems.;世界卫生组织提出：“健康是指一种身体心理和社会的完美状态，而不仅仅是没有疾病或虚弱”。World Health Organization 1948:A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.;健康可被理解为生物学、心理学和社会学三维组合（three dimension）。; 恩格尔给疾病下了一个定义：疾病可看作是整个生物体或其他系统在生长、发育、功能及调整中的失败或失调。