卡尔费修滴定法简介.pdfVIP

Karl Fischer Volumetric Titration Theory and Practice - when you need to be sure... - 1 - Table of contents Introduction 3 Chemical reactions 3 pH considerations 4 Volumetric titration 5 General remarks 5 End point determination 5 The working medium 7 Water determination using Radiometer Analytical titrators 8 Use of an oven 10 Good Laboratory Practice GLP 11 General remarks 11 The KF titration cell 11 Stirring speed 12 Delivery tip and indicating electrode 12 The burette 12 GLP 12 Safety 12 Result calculations 13 - 2 - Introduction Water content needs to be determined at all stages of the manufacturing process from raw materials to finished goods. The quality of the product depends on it. In products such as kerosene, transformer insulation oil or brake oil, the presence of unwanted moisture can have disastrous consequences. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is essential to know the amount of water contained in the ingredients of a drug in order to correctly predict its lifetime, stability and effectiveness. In the food industry, the water content of both raw materials and the finished foodstuff needs to be carefully monitored. The technique most commonly used for these analyses because of its rapidity, accuracy and ease of use is Karl Fischer titration. Thanks to their design and titration algorithm, Radiometer Analytical Karl Fischer Titrators provide accurate results and clear sample information. Radiometer Analytical makes it easy for the user to comply with Quality Control requirements and follow Good Laboratory Practice. The instrument is easy to program due to preset methods for titrations in the most common s